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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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Active ingredient: Diazepam
What are the side effects you encounter while taking this medicine? |
Diazepam uses
Pharmacological action
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative tranquilizer. It provides anxiolytic, sedative, anticonvulsant, central muscle relaxant effect. The mechanism of action is associated with increased inhibitory effect of GABA in the CNS. Muscle relaxant effect is also due to the inhibition of spinal reflexes. This medication may cause anticholinergic effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Diazepam has rapid absorption. Cmax in plasma observed after 90 min. Plasma protein binding is 98%. Diazepam crosses the placental barrier into the cerebrospinal fluid; excreted in breast milk; metabolized in the liver; excreted by the kidneys - 70%.
Why is Diazepam prescribed?
Dosage and administration
Diazepam prescribed for oral, IV, IM, rectal use. The daily dose of Diazepam ranges from 0.5 mg to 60 mg. Single dose, frequency and duration of use are set individually.
Diazepam side effects, adverse reactions
CNS: drowsiness, dizziness, muscle weakness; rare - confusion, depression, blurred vision, diplopia, dysarthria, headache, tremor, ataxia; in single cases - a paradoxical response: excitement, anxiety, sleep disturbances, hallucinations. After IV injection is sometimes seen a hiccup. With prolonged use may develop drug dependence, memory impairment.
Digestive system: rarely - constipation, nausea, dry mouth, excessive salivation; in single cases - raising the level of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase in blood plasma, jaundice.
Endocrine system: rarely - increased or decreased libido.
Urinary system: rare - incontinence.
Cardiovascular system: when administered parenteral may be some fall in blood pressure.
Respiratory system: when administered parenteral in single cases - respiratory disorders.
Allergic reactions: rarely - a skin rash.
Contraindications
Myasthenia gravis, severe chronic hypercapnia. Specifying a history of alcohol or drug dependence. Hypersensitivity to Diazepam and other benzodiazepines.
Diazepam using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Diazepam should not be used in the I trimester of pregnancy, except in cases of extreme necessity. Diazepam taking during pregnancy may significantly change fetal heart rate.
When used in obstetrics doses recommended to facilitate childbirth, newborns (most preterm) it is possible temporary muscular hypotonia, hypothermia, respiratory failure.
When taken regularly during lactation breastfeeding should be discontinued.
Should avoid the use of Diazepam in newborn infants, since they have not yet fully formed enzyme system involved in the metabolism of Diazepam.
Special instructions
Diazepam with caution used in patients with cardiac and respiratory failure, organic changes in the brain, with angle-closure glaucoma and predisposition to it, in myasthenia.
There are needed special care when using Diazepam (especially at the beginning of treatment) for patients receiving long-term antihypertensive medications of central action, beta-blockers, anticoagulants, cardiac glycosides.
If you cancel the therapy dose should be reduced gradually. With the sudden cancellation of Diazepam after prolonged use may concern, excitement, tremors, convulsions. This medicine should be abolished in the development of paradoxical reactions (acute agitation, anxiety, sleep disturbances and hallucinations).
After I.M. injection of Diazepam may increase the activity of CK in the blood plasma (which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of myocardial infarction).
Avoid IA injection.
Avoid alcohol during the period of treatment.
Diazepam can cause slowing of psychomotor responses that should be considered for patients involved in potentially danger activities.
Diazepam drug interactions
When used Diazepam with drugs providing a depressing effect on the CNS (including with antipsychotics, sedatives, hypnotics, opioid analgesics, drugs for anesthesia), enhanced inhibitory effect on the central nervous system, the respiratory center, pronounced arterial hypotension.
When used Diazepam with the tricyclic antidepressants (including amitriptyline) may be increasing of the CNS depressant effect, increasing concentrations of antidepressants and increased cholinergic action.
Patients receiving long-term antihypertensive medications central action, beta-blockers, anticoagulants, cardiac glycosides, the extent and mechanisms of drug interactions are unpredictable.
Simultaneous administration with muscle relaxants the action of muscle relaxants increases, also increases the risk of apnea.
Co-administration with oral contraceptives may increase the effects of Diazepam. The risk of breakthrough bleeding increases.
Simultaneous administration with bupivacaine may increase the concentration of bupivacaine in blood plasma; with diclofenac - may increase dizziness; with isoniazid - a decrease of Diazepam elimination from the body.
Drugs that cause induction of liver enzymes, including antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, phenytoin) may accelerate the elimination of Diazepam.
When this medicine used with caffeine decreases sedative and possibly anxiolytic action of Diazepam.
Simultaneous administration with with clozapine may be expressed as hypotension, respiratory depression, loss of consciousness; with levodopa - may suppress antiparkinsonian action; with lithium carbonate - described a case of coma, with metoprolol - possible decreased visual acuity, impairment of psychomotor reactions.
Simultaneous administration with paracetamol may decrease excretion of Diazepam and its metabolite desmethyldiazepam; with risperidone - described the cases of NMS.
Co-administration with rifampicin increased excretion of Diazepam is due to a significant increase in its metabolism under the influence of rifampicin.
Theophylline at low doses changes a sedative effect of Diazepam.
In rare cases Diazepam inhibits the metabolism and increases the effect of phenytoin. Phenobarbital and phenytoin may accelerate the metabolism of Diazepam.
Fluvoxamine increases plasma concentrations and side effects of Diazepam.
Cimetidine, omeprazole, disulfiram may increase the intensity and duration of action of Diazepam.
Alcohol and alcohol containing drugs enhanced inhibitory effect on the central nervous system (mainly on the respiratory center) but can also occur syndrome of pathological intoxication.
Diazepam in case of emergency / overdose
Symptoms: CNS depression of varying severity (from lethargy to coma): severe drowsiness, lethargy, weakness, decreased muscle tone, ataxia, prolonged confusion, depression of reflexes, coma; perhaps hypotension, respiratory depression.
Treatment: induction of vomiting and the appointment of activated charcoal (if the patient is conscious), gastric lavage through a tube (if patient is unconscious), symptomatic therapy, monitor vital functions, liquids' intravenous injection (to increase urine output), if necessary - artificial ventilation. With the development of excitation barbiturates should not be used. In hospital conditions used a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil as specific antidote. Hemodialysis is ineffective.
Diazepam available forms, composition, doses:
| Price | |
| Apo-Diazepam 10 mg Tablet | 0.09 USD |
| Apo-Diazepam 2 mg Tablet | 0.05 USD |
| Apo-Diazepam 5 mg Tablet | 0.07 USD |
| Diastat 2.5 mg pedi system | 362.12 USD |
| Diastat AcuDial 10 mg Gel 1 Box Contains Two 10 mg Syringes | 423.95 USD |
| Diastat AcuDial 20 mg Gel 1 Box Contains Two 20 mg Syringes | 413.6 USD |
| Diastat acudial 12.5-15-20 mg | 429.58 USD |
| Diastat acudial 5-7.5-10 mg kit | 429.58 USD |
| Diazemuls 5 mg/ml Emulsion | 1.23 USD |
| Diazepam 10 mg tablet | 0.38 USD |
| Diazepam 2 mg tablet | 0.26 USD |
| Diazepam 5 mg tablet | 0.3 USD |
| Diazepam 5 mg/ml | 0.69 USD |
| Diazepam 5 mg/ml vial | 0.17 USD |
| Diazepam powder | 3.99 USD |
| Dragee; Oral; Diazepam 2 mg | |
| Dragee; Oral; Diazepam 5 mg | |
| Gel; Rectal; Diazepam 0.5% | |
| Gel; Rectal; Diazepam 1% | |
| Injectable; Injection; Diazepam | |
| Injectable; Injection; Diazepam 5 mg / ml | |
| Solution; Oral; Diazepam 5 mg / 5 ml | |
| Solution; Rectal; Diazepam 10 mg / 2.5 ml | |
| Solution; Rectal; Diazepam 5 mg / 2.5 ml | |
| Suppositories; Rectal; Diazepam 10 mg | |
| Syrup; Oral; Diazepam 2 mg / 5 ml | |
| Syrup; Oral; Diazepam 5 mg / 5 ml | |
| Tablets; Oral; Diazepam 10 mg | |
| Tablets; Oral; Diazepam 2 mg | |
| Tablets; Oral; Diazepam 5 mg | |
| Valium 10 mg tablet | 6.06 USD |
| Valium 2 mg tablet | 2.43 USD |
| Valium 5 mg tablet | 2.55 USD |
Indications and Usages:
ATC codes:
ICD-10 codes:
Diazepam destination | category:
Drugs with same active ingredients (Pharmaceutical companies):
References
- Dailymed."DIAZEPAM INJECTION, SOLUTION [HOSPIRA, INC.]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
- Dailymed."DIAZEPAM: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
- "diazepam". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).
Frequently asked Questions
Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Diazepam?Depending on the reaction of the Diazepam after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Diazepam not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.
Is Diazepam addictive or habit forming?Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.
Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.
Review
sdrugs.com conducted a study on Diazepam, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Diazepam consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.Visitor reports
Two visitors reported useful
How is the drug Diazepam useful in reducing or relieving the symptoms? How useful is it?According to the survey conducted by the website sdrugs.com, there are variable results and below are the percentages of the users that say the medicine is useful to them and that say it is not helping them much. It is not ideal to continue taking the medication if you feel it is not helping you much. Contact your healthcare provider to check if there is a need to change the medicine or if there is a need to re-evaluate your condition. The usefulness of the medicine may vary from patient to patient, depending on the other diseases he is suffering from and slightly depends on the brand name.
| Visitors | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Useful | 2 | 100.0% | |
Visitor reported side effects
No survey data has been collected yetOne visitor reported price estimates
What is your opinion about drug cost? Did you feel the cost is apt, or did you feel it is expensive?The report given by the sdrugs.com website users shows the following figures about several people who felt the medicine Diazepam is expensive, and the medicine is not expensive. The results are mixed. The perception of the cost of the medicine to be expensive or not depends on the brand name of the medicine, country, and place where it is sold, and the affordability of the patient. You can choose a generic drug in the place of the branded drug to save the cost. The efficiency of the medicine will not vary if it is generic or a branded one.
| Visitors | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Expensive | 1 | 100.0% | |
Four visitors reported frequency of use
How often in a day do you take the medicine?Are you taking the Diazepam drug as prescribed by the doctor?
Few medications can be taken 3 times in a day more than prescribed when the doctor's advice mentions the medicine can be taken according to frequency or severity of symptoms. Most times, be very careful and clear about the number of times you are taking the medication. The report of sdrugs.com website users about the frequency of taking the drug Diazepam is mentioned below.
| Visitors | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 times in a day | 3 | 75.0% | |
| Once in a day | 1 | 25.0% | |
Twelve visitors reported doses
What is the dose of Diazepam drug you are taking?According to the survey conducted among sdrugs.com website users, the maximum number of people are using the following dose 6-10mg. Few medications come in only one or two doses. Few are specific for adult dose and child dose. The dose of the medicine given to the patient depends on the severity of the symptom/disease. There can be dose adjustments made by the doctor, based on the progression of the disease. Follow-up is important.
| Visitors | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 6-10mg | 6 | 50.0% | |
| 1-5mg | 3 | 25.0% | |
| 11-50mg | 2 | 16.7% | |
| 201-500mg | 1 | 8.3% | |
Three visitors reported time for results
What is the time duration Diazepam drug must be taken for it to be effective or for it to reduce the symptoms?Most chronic conditions need at least some time so the dose and the drug action gets adjusted to the body to get the desired effect. The stastistics say sdrugs.com website users needed > 3 month to notice the result from using Diazepam drug. The time needed to show improvement in health condition after using the medicine Diazepam need not be same for all the users. It varies based on other factors.
| Visitors | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| > 3 month | 2 | 66.7% | |
| 1 week | 1 | 33.3% | |
Visitor reported administration
No survey data has been collected yetSix visitors reported age
| Visitors | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 30-45 | 3 | 50.0% | |
| > 60 | 2 | 33.3% | |
| 46-60 | 1 | 16.7% | |
Visitor reviews
There are no reviews yet. Be the first to write one! |
The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology