Voveran Ophtha

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Voveran Ophtha uses

Voveran Ophtha consists of Boric Acid, Diclofenac Sodium, Sorbic Acid, Tromethamine.

Diclofenac Sodium:


Pharmacological action

NSAIDs, a derivative of phenylacetic acid, Voveran Ophtha has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, analgesic and mild antipyretic effect. The mechanism of action is associated with inhibition of COX activity - the main enzyme metabolism of arachidonic acid, which is a precursor of prostaglandins, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, pain and fever. Analgesic effect is due to two mechanisms: peripheral (indirectly, through suppression of prostaglandin synthesis) and central (due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the central and peripheral nervous system).

Inhibits synthesis of proteoglycan in cartilage.

In rheumatic diseases, Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium) reduces joint pain at rest and in motion, as well as morning stiffness and swelling of the joints, helps to increase range of motion; reduces post-traumatic and postoperative pain, and inflammatory edema.

Inhibits platelet aggregation. With prolonged use has a desensitizing effect.

When used topically in ophthalmology reduces swelling and pain in inflammatory processes non-infectious etiology.

Pharmacokinetics

After intake is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Eating slows down the rate of absorption, extent of absorption is not changed. About 50% of the active substance is metabolized in the "first passage" through the liver. When used rectally absorption is slower. Time to reach Cmax in plasma after oral administration is 2-4 hours depending on the used dosage form, after rectal - 1 h, I.M. administration - 20 min. The concentration of active substance in plasma is a linear function of the applied dose.

Not cumulative. Plasma protein binding is 99.7% (predominantly albumin). Penetrates into synovial fluid, Cmax is achieved in 2-4 hours later than in plasma.

To a large extent metabolized to form several metabolites, among which two pharmacologically active, but to a lesser extent than Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium).

Systemic clearance of the active substance is about 263 ml / min. T1/2 from plasma is 1-2 h, from synovial fluid - 3-6 h. Approximately 60% of the dose was excreted as metabolites by the kidneys, less than 1% excreted in the urine as unchanged, while the rest is displayed in the form of metabolites with bile.

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Why is Voveran Ophtha prescribed?

Articular syndrome (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout), degenerative and chronic inflammatory diseases of musculoskeletal system (osteochondrosis, osteoarthritis, periartropatii), post-traumatic inflammation of soft tissue and musculoskeletal system (sprains, bruises). Pain in the spine, neuralgia, myalgia, arthralgia, pain and inflammation after surgery or injury, pain in gout, migraine, algomenorrhea, pain with Bursitis, proctitis, colic (biliary and renal), pain in infectious and inflammatory diseases of ENT organs.

For local use: the inhibition of miosis during surgery for cataract prevention of cystoid macular edema associated with removal and lens implantation, inflammatory eye non-infectious nature, post-traumatic inflammation in penetrating and nonpenetrating wound of the eyeball.

Dosage and administration

For oral use for adult single dose is 25-50 mg 2-3 times / 24 h. Frequency of admission depends on the dosage form employed, the severity of the disease and is 1-3 times / 24 h, rectally - 1 times / 24 h, for the treatment of acute conditions or the exacerbation of chronic edema use intramuscular in dose of 75 mg.

For children older than 6 years and adolescents daily dose is 2 mg / kg.

Topical applied at a dose of 2-4 g on the affected area 3-4 times / 24 h.

When used in ophthalmology frequency and duration of administration are determined individually.

The maximum oral daily dose for adults is 150 mg.

Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium) side effects

Digestive system: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain and discomfort in the epigastrium, flatulence, constipation, diarrhea, and in some cases - erosive-ulcerative lesions, gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation; rarely - abnormal liver function. When rectal administration - in isolated cases were observed inflammation of the colon bleeding, exacerbation of ulcerative colitis.

From the side of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system: dizziness, headache, agitation, insomnia, irritability, fatigue, rarely - paresthesia, visual disturbances (blurred, double vision), tinnitus, insomnia, cramps, irritability, tremors, mental disorders, depression.

Hemopoietic system: rarely - anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis.

Urinary system: rarely - renal failure; in predisposed patients may be swelling.

Dermatological reactions: rarely - hair loss.

Allergic reactions: skin rash, itching, when used in the form of eye drops - itching, redness, photosensitivity.

Local reactions: in the place of I.M. introducing possible burning, in some cases - the formation of infiltration, abscess, necrosis of adipose tissue in the rectal administration may be local irritation, the appearance of mucous discharge mixed with blood, painful defecation, when used externally, in rare cases - itching, redness, rash, burning sensation, when applied topically in ophthalmology may be a transient burning sensation and / or temporary blurred vision immediately after instillation.

With long-term topical use and / or drawing on a vast surface of body are possible systemic side effects due to resorptive action of Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium).

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Contraindications

known hypersensitivity to Voveran Ophtha sodium or to any accessory ingredient that is part of the drug Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium);

anamnestic information about the attacks of bronchial asthma, urticaria, acute rhinitis associated with the use of aspirin or other NSAIDs;

hemodyscrasia unknown origin;

children under 6 years

pregnancy (III trimester);

lactation

increased sensitivity to sulfite (for injection solution).

children under age 15 - tablets of 50 mg to 18 years - injection.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Use during pregnancy and lactation is possible in cases where the potential benefits for the mother exceeds than the potential risk to the fetus or newborn.

Special instructions

With extreme caution is used in diseases of liver, kidney, gastrointestinal history, dyspepsia, asthma, hypertension, heart failure, after major surgery, as well as elderly patients.

When referring to a history of allergic reactions to NSAIDs Voveran Ophtha and sulfites are used only in urgent cases. In the course of treatment requires systematic monitoring of liver function and kidney picture of peripheral blood.

Do not recommended the use for rectal patients with diseases of anorectal region or anorectal bleeding in history. Topical should be applied only to intact skin areas.

Avoid contact with Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium) in the eye (except for eye drops), or on mucous membranes. Patients who use contact lenses, eye drops should be applied no earlier than 5 minutes after removing the lenses.

Not recommended for children under 6 years.

During the period of treatment drugs for systemic use is not recommended alcohol consumption.

During the period of treatment may decrease the speed of psychomotor reactions. With worsening blurred vision after application of eye drops should not be driving and doing other potentially danger activities.

Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium) drug interactions

At simultaneous application with Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium) antihypertensive drugs may be weakening their actions.

There are few reports on the occurrence of seizures in patients taking both NSAIDs and antibacterial drugs quinolic series.

At simultaneous application with GCS and increased risk of side effects from the digestive system.

With simultaneous use of diuretics may decrease diuretic effect. With the simultaneous use of potassium-sparing diuretics may increase the concentration of potassium in the blood.

With simultaneous use with other NSAIDs may increase the risk of side effects.

There are reports of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes who engaged in Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium) together with hypoglycemic drugs.

When applied simultaneously with acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the concentration of Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium) in plasma.

Although clinical studies have not found the influence of Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium) on the action of anticoagulants, describes the individual cases of bleeding when used with Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium) and warfarin.

With simultaneous use may increase digoxin, lithium, and phenytoin in blood plasma.

The absorption of Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium) from the gastrointestinal tract is reduced by simultaneous application with kolestiraminom, to a lesser extent - with colestipol.

With simultaneous use may increase the concentration of methotrexate in plasma and increased its toxicity.

With simultaneous application of Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium) could not affect the bioavailability of morphine, but the concentration of the active metabolite of morphine may be enhanced in the presence of Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium), which increases the risk of side effects metabolites of morphine, including respiratory depression.

When applied simultaneously with pentazocine described a case of great convulsions, and rifampicin - may decrease the concentration of Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium) in plasma, with ceftriaxone - increases excretion of ceftriaxone in bile; with cyclosporine - may increase cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.

Voveran Ophtha in case of emergency / overdose

Symptoms: may cause hypotension, renal failure, convulsions, gastrointestinal irritation or respiratory depression. Treatment: There is no specific antidote. In acute poisoning as soon as possible to stop drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. There is indicated gastric lavage, activated charcoal appointment and conduct of other symptomatic and supportive therapy. The use of forced diuresis, dialysis or blood transfusion is not justified because NSAIDs largely associated with serum proteins and possess extensive metabolism.

Storage conditions

In a dry, protected from light place, at temperature not above 25°C.Common expiration date for Voveran Ophtha (Diclofenac Sodium) tablets: 3 years.

Tromethamine:


INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution (tromethamine injection) is indicated for the prevention and correction of metabolic acidosis. In the following conditions it may help to sustain vital functions and thus provide time for treatment of the primary disease:


  • Metabolic Acidosis Associated with Cardiac Bypass Surgery.

    Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution has been found to be primarily beneficial in correcting metabolic acidosis which may occur during or immediately following cardiac bypass surgical procedures.


  • Correction of Acidity of ACD Blood in Cardiac Bypass Surgery.

    It is well known that ACD blood is acidic and becomes more acidic on storage. Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) effectively corrects this acidity. Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution may be added directly to the blood used to prime the pump-oxygenator. When ACD blood is brought to a normal pH range the patient is spared an initial acid load. Additional Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) may be indicated during cardiac bypass surgery should metabolic acidosis appear.


  • Metabolic Acidosis Associated with Cardiac Arrest.

    Acidosis is nearly always one of the consequences of cardiac arrest and, in some instances, may even be a causative factor in arrest. It is important therefore, that the correction of acidosis should be started promptly with other resuscitative efforts. By correcting acidosis, Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution (tromethamine injection) has caused the arrested heart to respond to resuscitative efforts after standard methods alone had failed. In these cases, Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) was given intraventricularly. It is to be noted, however, that such precariously ill patients often have died subsequently of causes unrelated to the administration of Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine). With administration by the peripheral venous route, metabolic acidosis has been corrected in a majority of patients. The success in reinstitution of cardiac rhythm by this means probably has not been of the same order of magnitude as with the intraventricular route.

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CONTRAINDICATIONS

Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution (tromethamine injection) is contraindicated in uremia and anuria. In neonates it is also contraindicated in chronic respiratory acidosis and salicylate intoxication.

WARNINGS


  • Large doses of Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution may depress ventilation, as a result of increased blood pH and reduced CO2 concentration. Thus, dosage should be adjusted so that blood pH is not allowed to increase above normal. In situations in which respiratory acidosis may be present concomitantly with metabolic acidosis, the drug may be used with mechanical assistance to ventilation.


  • Care must be exercised to prevent perivascular infiltration since this can cause inflammation, necrosis and sloughing of tissue. Venospasm and intravenous thrombosis, which may occur during infusion, can be minimized by insuring that the injection needle is well within the largest available vein and that solutions are slowly infused. Intravenous catheters are recommended. If perivascular infiltration occurs, institute appropriate countermeasures. See ADVERSE REACTIONS.


  • Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution (tromethamine injection) should be administered slowly and in amounts sufficient only to correct the existing acidosis, and to avoid overdosage and alkalosis. Overdosage in terms of total drug and/or too rapid administration, may cause hypoglycemia of a prolonged duration (several hours). Therefore, frequent blood glucose determinations should be made during and after therapy.


  • Extreme care should be exercised in patients with renal disease or reduced urinary output because of potential hyperkalemia and the possibility of a decreased excretion of Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine). In such patients, the drug should be used cautiously with electrocardiographic monitoring and frequent serum potassium determinations.


  • Because clinical experience has been limited generally to short-term use, the drug should not be administered for more than a period of one day except in a life-threatening situation.


The intravenous administration of Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema.

Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store.

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PRECAUTIONS


  • Blood pH, PCO2 bicarbonate, glucose and electrolyte determinations should be performed before, during and after administration of Voveran Ophtha Solution.


  • While it has not been shown that the drug increases coagulation time in humans, this possibility should be kept in mind since this has been noted experimentally in dogs.


Do not administer unless solution is clear and seal is intact. Discard unused portion.

Pregnancy Category C:

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine). It is also not known whether Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Nursing Mothers:

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Voveran Ophtha Solution is administered to a nursing mother.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility:

Studies with Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential or effects on fertility.

Pediatric Use:

The safety and effectiveness of Voveran Ophtha Solution in pediatric patients is based on over 30 years’ clinical experience documented in the literature and on safety surveillance. Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution has been used to treat severe cases of metabolic acidosis with concurrent respiratory acidosis because it does not raise PCO2 as bicarbonate does in neonates and infants with respiratory failure. It has also been used in neonates and infants with hypernatremia and metabolic acidosis to avoid the additional sodium given with the bicarbonate. However, because the osmotic effects of Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution are greater and large continuous doses are required, bicarbonate is preferred to Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution in the treatment of acidotic neonates and infants with RDS. Hypoglycemia may occur when this product is used in premature and even full-term neonates. See WARNINGS and ADVERSE REACTIONS.

Geriatric Use:

Clinical studies of Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) solution did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in response between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

Generally, side effects have been infrequent.

Respiratory: Although the incidence of ventilatory depression is low, it is important to keep in mind that such depression may occur. Respiratory depression may be more likely to occur in patients who have chronic hypoventilation or those who have been treated with drugs which depress respiration. In patients with associated respiratory acidosis, Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) should be administered with mechanical assistance to ventilation.

Vascular: Extreme care should be taken to avoid perivascular infiltration. Local tissue damage and subsequent sloughing may occur if extravasation occurs. Chemical phlebitis and venospasm also have been reported.

Hematologic: Transient depression of blood glucose may occur.

Hepatic: Infusion via low-lying umbilical venous catheters has been associated with hepatocellular necrosis.

Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection extravasation and hypervolemia.

If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.

OVERDOSAGE

Too rapid administration and/or excessive amounts of Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) may cause alkalosis, hypoglycemia, overhydration or solute overload. In the event of overdosage, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient and institute appropriate countermeasures. See WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS.

The LD50 values for the acute intravenous toxicity of Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) are influenced by the rate of infusion of the dose administered.

Intravenous LD50 Mice = 3500 mg/kg

Intravenous LD50 Rats = 2300 mg/kg

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution (tromethamine injection) is administered by slow intravenous infusion, by addition to pump-oxygenator ACD blood or other priming fluid or by injection into the ventricular cavity during cardiac arrest. For infusion by peripheral vein, a large needle should be used in the largest antecubital vein or an indwelling catheter placed in a large vein of an elevated limb to minimize chemical irritation of the alkaline solution during infusion. Catheters are recommended.

Dosage and rate of administration should be carefully supervised to avoid overtreatment (alkalosis). Pretreatment and subsequent determinations of blood values (e.g. pH, PCO2, PO2, glucose and electrolytes) and urinary output should be made as necessary to monitor dosage and progress of treatment. In general, dosage should be limited to an amount sufficient to increase blood pH to normal limits (7.35 to 7.45) and to correct acid-base derangements. The total quantity to be administered during the period of illness will depend upon the severity and progression of the acidosis. The possibility of some retention of Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine), especially in patients with impaired renal function, should be kept in mind.

The intravenous dosage of Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution (tromethamine injection) may be estimated from the buffer base deficit of the extracellular fluid in mEq/liter determined by means of the Siggaard-Andersen nomogram. The following formula is intended as a general guide:

Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution (mL of 0.3 M) Required =

Body Weight (kg) X

Base Deficit (mEq/liter) X 1.1*

Thus, a 70 kg patient with a buffer base deficit (“negative base excess”) of 5 mEq/liter would require 70 x 5 x 1.1 = 385 mL of Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution containing 13.9 g (115 mEq) of Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine). The need for administration of additional Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution is determined by serial determinations of the existing base deficit.

* Factor of 1.1 accounts for an approximate reduction of 10% in buffering capacity due to the presence of sufficient acetic acid to lower pH of the 0.3 M solution to approximately 8.6.

Correction of Metabolic Acidosis Associated with Cardiac Bypass Surgery: An adverse dose of approximately 9.0 mL/kg (324 mg/kg) has been used in clinical studies with Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution (tromethamine injection). This is equivalent to a total dose of 630 mL (189 mEq) for 70 kg patient. A total single dose of 500 mL (150 mEq) is considered adequate for most adults. Larger single doses (up to 1000 mL) may be required in unusually severe cases.

It is recommended that individual doses should not exceed 500 mg/kg (227 mg/lb) over a period of not less than one hour. Thus, for a 70 kg (154 pound) patient the dose should not exceed a maximum of 35 g per hour (1078 mL of a 0.3 M solution). Repeated determinations of pH and other clinical observations should be used as a guide to the need for repeat doses.

Correction of Acidity of ACD Blood in Cardiac Bypass Surgery: The pH of stored blood ranges from 6.80 to 6.22 depending upon the duration of storage. The amount of Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution used to correct this acidity ranges from 0.5 to 2.5 g (15 to 77 mL of a 0.3 M solution) added to each 500 mL of ACD blood used for priming the pump-oxygenator. Clinical experience indicates that 2 g (62 mL of a 0.3 M solution) added to 500 mL of ACD blood is usually adequate.

Correction of Metabolic Acidosis Associated with Cardiac Arrest: In the treatment of cardiac arrest, Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution should be given at the same time that other standard resuscitative measures, including manual systole, are being applied. If the chest is open, Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution is injected directly into the ventricular cavity. From 2 to 6 g (62 to 185 mL of a 0.3 M solution) should be injected immediately. Do not inject into the cardiac muscle.

If the chest is not open, from 3.6 to 10.8 g (111 to 333 mL of a 0.3 M solution) should be injected immediately into a larger peripheral vein. Additional amounts may be required to control acidosis persisting after cardiac arrest is reversed.

Correction of Metabolic Acidosis Associated with RDS in Neonates and Infants: The initial dose of Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution should be based on initial pH and birthweight amounting to approximately 1 mL per kg for each pH unit below 7.4. Further doses have been given according to changes in PaO2, pH and PCO2.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. See CONTRAINDICATIONS.

HOW SUPPLIED

Voveran Ophtha (Tromethamine) Solution (tromethamine injection) is supplied in a single-dose 500 mL large volume glass container (List No. 1593).

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F).

Protect from freezing.

Revised: October, 2005


©Hospira 2005


EN-1069


Printed in USA


HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST, IL 60045 USA

RL-2792

Voveran Ophtha pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Voveran Ophtha available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Voveran Ophtha destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Voveran Ophtha Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Voveran Ophtha pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."DICLOFENAC SODIUM TABLET, DELAYED RELEASE [LAKE ERIE MEDICAL DBA QUALITY CARE PRODUCTS LLC]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. Dailymed."THAM (TROMETHAMINE) INJECTION, SOLUTION [HOSPIRA, INC.]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. Dailymed."DICLOFENAC EPOLAMINE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Voveran Ophtha?

Depending on the reaction of the Voveran Ophtha after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Voveran Ophtha not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Voveran Ophtha addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Voveran Ophtha, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Voveran Ophtha consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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