Nitrumon

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Nitrumon uses


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Nitrumon Wafer is indicated for the treatment of patients with:


Nitrumon Wafer is an alkylating drug indicated for the treatment of:

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 Recommended Dose

The recommended dose of Nitrumon Wafer is eight 7.7 mg wafers for a total of 61.6 mg implanted intracranially. The safety and effectiveness of repeat administration have not been studied.

2.2 Insertion Instructions

Following maximal tumor resection, confirmation of tumor pathology and establishment of hemostasis, place up to a maximum of eight Nitrumon Wafers to cover as much of the resection cavity as possible. Should the size and shape of the resected cavity not accommodate eight wafers, place the maximum number of wafers feasible within the cavity. Slight overlapping of the wafers is acceptable. Wafers broken in half may be used, but discard wafers broken in more than two pieces. Oxidized regenerated cellulose may be placed over the wafers to secure them against the cavity surface. After placement of the wafers, irrigate the resection cavity and close the dura in a water-tight fashion.

2.3 Preparation and Safe Handling

Nitrumon Wafers contain a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.1

Each wafer is packaged within two nested aluminum foil laminate pouches. The inner pouch is sterile and is designed to maintain product sterility and protect the product from moisture. The outside surface of the outer laminated aluminum foil pouch is a peelable overwrap and is not sterile.

Deliver Nitrumon Wafers to the operating room in their outer aluminum foil pouch, unopened. Do not open the pouch until the wafers are ready to be implanted. Nitrumon Wafers in unopened outer foil pouches are stable at room temperature for six hours at a time for up to three cycles within a 30-day period.

Exposure to Nitrumon can cause severe burning and hyperpigmentation of the skin. Use double gloves when handling Nitrumon Wafers. Discard the outer gloves into a biohazard waste container after use. Use a dedicated surgical instrument for wafer implantation. If repeat neurosurgical intervention is indicated, handle residual wafers or wafer remnants as potential cytotoxic agents.

Instructions for Opening Pouch Containing Nitrumon Wafer

Read all steps of the instructions prior to opening the pouch.

Instructions for opening the pouch containing Nitrumon Wafer can be viewed at the following website: http://gliadel.com/hcp/pouch-opening-instructions. Illustrations are also pictured below.

Figure 1: To remove the sterile inner pouch from the outer pouch, locate the folded corner and slowly pull in an outward motion.


Figure 2: Do NOT pull in a downward motion rolling knuckles over the pouch. This may exert pressure on the wafer and cause it to break.


Figure 3: The inner pouch is a multi-layered, silver colored, foil laminate. Remove the inner pouch by grabbing hold of the crimped edge of the inner pouch using a sterile instrument and pulling upward.


Figure 4: To open the inner pouch, gently hold the crimped edge and cut in an arc-like fashion around the wafer.


Figure 5: To remove the Nitrumon Wafer, gently grasp the wafer with the aid of forceps and place it onto a designated sterile field.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5
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3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Nitrumon Wafer is an off-white to pale yellow round wafer. Each Nitrumon Wafer contains 7.7 mg of Nitrumon.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

None.

None (4)

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Seizures

Seizures occurred in 37% of patients treated with Nitrumon Wafers for recurrent glioma in Study 2. New or worsening (treatment emergent) seizures occurred in 20% of patients; 54% of treatment emergent seizures occurred within the first 5 post-operative days . The median time to onset of the first new or worsened post-operative seizure was four days. Institute optimal anti-seizure therapy prior to surgery. Monitor patients for seizures postoperatively.

5.2 Intracranial Hypertension

Brain edema occurred in 23% of patients with newly diagnosed glioma treated with Nitrumon Wafers in Study 1. Additionally, one GLIADEL-treated patient experienced intracerebral mass effect unresponsive to corticosteroids which led to brain herniation ). Monitor patients closely for intracranial hypertension related to brain edema, inflammation, or necrosis of the brain tissue surrounding the resection. In refractory cases, consider re-operation and removal of Nitrumon Wafers or Wafer remnants.

5.3 Impaired Neurosurgical Wound Healing

Impaired neurosurgical wound healing including wound dehiscence, delayed wound healing, and subdural, subgleal, or wound effusions occur with Nitrumon Wafer treatment. In Study 1, 16% of Nitrumon Wafer-treated patients with newly diagnosed glioma experienced impaired intracranial wound healing and 5% had cerebrospinal fluid leaks. In Study 2, 14% of Nitrumon Wafer-treated patients with recurrent glioma experienced wound healing abnormalities . Monitor patients post-operatively for impaired neurosurgical wound healing.

5.4 Meningitis

Meningitis occurred in 4% of patients with recurrent glioma receiving Nitrumon Wafers in Study 2. Two cases of meningitis were bacterial; one patient required removal of the Wafers four days after implantation; the other developed meningitis following reoperation for recurrent tumor. One case was diagnosed as chemical meningitis and resolved following steroid treatment. In one case the cause was unspecified, but meningitis resolved following antibiotic treatment. Monitor postoperatively for signs of meningitis and central nervous system infection.

5.5 Wafer Migration

Nitrumon Wafer migration can occur. To reduce the risk of obstructive hydrocephalus due to wafer migration into the ventricular system, close any communication larger than the diameter of a Wafer between the surgical resection cavity and the ventricular system prior to Wafer implantation. Monitor patients for signs of obstructive hydrocephalus.

5.6 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

Nitrumon Wafers can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Nitrumon, the active component of Nitrumon Wafer, is embryotoxic and teratogenic in rats at exposures less than the exposure at the recommended human dose on a mg/m2 basis and embryotoxic in rabbits at exposures similar to the exposure at the recommended human dose on a mg/m2 basis. Advise females of reproductive potential to avoid pregnancy after implantation of Nitrumon Wafers. If the patient becomes pregnant after Nitrumon Wafer implantation, warn the patient about the potential hazard to the fetus [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1 and 8.6) ].

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6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following serious adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the label:


To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Arbor Pharmaceuticals, LLC at 1-866-516-4950 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Newly-Diagnosed High-Grade Malignant Glioma

The safety of Nitrumon Wafers was evaluated in a multicenter, randomized (1:1), double-blind, placebo controlled trial of 240 adult patients with newly-diagnosed high-grade malignant glioma who received up to eight Nitrumon Wafers or matched placebo implanted against the resection surfaces after maximal tumor resection (Study 1).

The population in Study 1 was 67% male and 97% White, and the median age was 53 years (range: 21-72). Eighty-seven percent had a Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70 and 71% had a Karnofsky performance status of ≥ 80%. Seventy-eight percent had a histologic subtype of glioblastoma multiforme as determined by central pathology review. Thirty-eight percent of patients received 8 wafers and 78% received ≥ 6 wafers. Starting three weeks after surgery, 80% of patients received standard limited field radiation therapy (RT) described as 55-60 Gy delivered in 28 to 30 fractions over six weeks; an additional 11% received no radiotherapy and the remainder received non-standard radiotherapy or a combination of standard and non-standard radiotherapy. At the time of progression, 12% received systemic chemotherapy.

Deaths occurred within 30 days of wafer implantation in 5 (4%) of patients receiving Nitrumon Wafers compared to 2 (2%) of patients receiving placebo. Deaths on the Nitrumon arm resulted from cerebral hematoma/edema (n=3), pulmonary embolism (n=1) and acute coronary event (n=1). Deaths on the placebo arm resulted from sepsis (n=1) and malignant disease (n=1).

The incidence of common adverse reactions in Nitrumon Wafer-treated patients is listed in Table 1. The incidence of local adverse reactions is shown in Table 2.

BODY SYSTEM Nitrumon Wafer

N=120

Placebo

N=120

% %
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Nausea 22 17
Vomiting 21 16
Constipation 19 12
Abdominal pain 8 2
GENERAL DISORDERS AND

ADMINISTRATION SITE CONDITION

Asthenia 22 15
Chest pain 5 0
INJURY, POISONING AND PROCEDURAL

COMPLICATIONS

Wound healing abnormalitiesIncluded (1) fluid, CDS, or subdural fluid collection; (2) CSF leak; (3) wound dehiscence, breakdown, or poor healing; and (4) subgaleal or wound effusions (including yellow discharge at the incision) 16 12
MUSCULOSKELETAL AND CONNECTIVE

TISSUE DISORDERS

Back pain 7 3
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
Depression 16 10
Local Adverse Reactions Nitrumon Wafer N=120 Placebo

N=120

% %
Intracranial hypertension 9 2
Cerebral hemorrhage 6 4
Brain abscess 6 4
Brain cyst 2 3
Cerebral edema 23 19

Recurrent High-Grade Malignant Glioma

The safety of Nitrumon Wafers was evaluated in a multicenter, randomized (1:1), double-blind, placebo controlled trial of 222 patients with recurrent high-grade malignant glioma who received up to eight Nitrumon Wafers or matched placebo implanted against the resection surfaces after maximal tumor resection (Study 2). Patients were required to have had prior definitive external beam radiation therapy sufficient to disqualify them from additional radiation therapy. All patients were eligible to receive chemotherapy which was withheld at least four weeks (six weeks for nitrosoureas) prior to and two weeks after surgery.

The population in Study 2 was 64% male, 92% White, and the median age was 49 years (range: 19-80). Sixty-five percent had a histologic subtype of glioblastoma multiforme, 26% had anaplastic astrocytoma or another anaplastic variant, 73% had a Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70, 53% had a Karnofsky performance status of ≥ 80%, 73% had only one prior surgery, and 46% had prior treatment with nitrosourea. Eighty-one percent of patients received 8 wafers and 96% received ≥ 6 wafers.

Sixty-four severe adverse reactions were reported in 43(39%) patients receiving Nitrumon Wafers. Adverse reactions in Nitrumon Wafer-treated patients are shown in Table 3. Meningitis occurred in four patients receiving Nitrumon Wafers and in no patients receiving placebo. Bacterial meningitis was confirmed in two patients: the first with onset four days following Nitrumon Wafer implantation; the second following resection for tumor recurrence 155 days following Nitrumon Wafer implantation. One case, attributed to chemical meningitis resolved following steroid treatment. The cause of the fourth case was undetermined but resolved following antibiotic treatment.

BODY SYSTEM Nitrumon Wafer N=110 Placebo

N=112

% %
GENERAL
Fever 12 8
INFECTIOUS
Urinary tract infections 21 17
INJURY, POISONING AND PROCEDURAL

COMPLICATIONS

Wound healing abnormalitiesIncluded (1) fluid, CDS, or subdural fluid collection; (2) CSF leak; (3) wound dehiscence, breakdown, or poor healing; and (4) subgaleal or wound effusions (including yellow discharge at the incision) 14 5

The incidence of seizures is shown in Table 4. The incidence of hydrocephalus, cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension is shown in Table 5.

Adverse Reaction Nitrumon Wafer

N=110

Placebo

N=112

% %
Patients with seizures
Any seizures after wafer implantation 37 29
New or worsening seizures 20 20
Time to new or worsening seizures (days)Days from implantation to onset of first new or worsening seizure.
Mean (SD) 26.09 (0.75) 62.36 (48.66)
Median 3.5 61.0
Adverse Reaction Nitrumon Wafer N=110 Placebo

N=112

% %
Hydrocephalus 5 2
Cerebral edema 4 1
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8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category D

Risk Summary

Nitrumon Wafer can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There have been no studies with Nitrumon Wafer; however, Nitrumon, the active component of Nitrumon Wafer, is embryotoxic and teratogenic in rats at exposures less than the exposure at the recommended human dose on a mg/m2 basis and embryotoxic in rabbits at exposures similar to exposures at the recommended human dose on a mg/m2 basis. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to a fetus.

Animal Data

There are no studies assessing the reproductive toxicity of Nitrumon Wafer; however, Nitrumon, the active component of Nitrumon Wafer, is embryotoxic and teratogenic in rats at intraperitoneal doses of 0.5mg/kg/day or greater when given on gestation days 6 through 15. Nitrumon caused fetal malformations (anophthalmia, micrognathia, omphalocele) at 1.0 mg/kg/day (about 0.12 the recommended human dose, eight wafers of 7.7 mg carmustine/wafer, on a mg/m2 basis). Nitrumon was embryotoxic in rabbits at intravenous doses of 4.0 mg/kg/day (about 1.2 times the recommended human dose on a mg/m2 basis). Embryotoxicity was characterized by increased embryo-fetal deaths, reduced numbers of litters, and reduced litter sizes.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

It is not known if Nitrumon, the active component of Nitrumon Wafer, is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Nitrumon, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or not to administer the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

8.4 Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of Nitrumon Wafer in pediatric patients have not been established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical trials of Nitrumon Wafer did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 years and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients.

8.6 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential

Contraception

Females

Nitrumon Wafer can cause fetal harm when administered during pregnancy (see Use in Specific Populations, 8.1 ). Counsel patients on pregnancy planning and prevention. Advise female patients of reproductive potential to use effective contraception after implantation of Nitrumon Wafer. Advise patients to inform their healthcare provider if they become pregnant, or if pregnancy is suspected, while taking Nitrumon.

Infertility

Males

Nitrumon caused testicular degeneration in animals. Advise male patients of the potential risk of infertility, and to seek counseling on fertility and family planning options prior to implantation of Nitrumon Wafer. (see Nonclinical Toxicology, 13.1 )

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11 DESCRIPTION

Nitrumon Wafer is an implant for intracranial use, containing Nitrumon, a nitrosourea alkylating agent, and polifeprosan, a biodegradable copolymer used to control the release of Nitrumon. It is a sterile, off-white to pale yellow wafer approximately 1.45 cm in diameter and 1 mm thick. Each wafer contains 7.7 mg of Nitrumon [1, 3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, or BCNU] and 192.3 mg of a biodegradable polyanhydride copolymer. The copolymer, polifeprosan 20, consists of poly [bis (p-carboxyphenoxy)] propane and sebacic acid in a 20:80 molar ratio. Nitrumon is homogeneously distributed in the copolymer matrix.

The structural formula for polifeprosan 20 is:

The structural formula for Nitrumon is:

Chemical Structure Chemical Structure

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

The activity of Nitrumon Wafer is due to release of cytotoxic concentrations of Nitrumon, a DNA and RNA alkylating agent, into the tumor resection cavity. On exposure to the aqueous environment of the resection cavity, the anhydride bonds in the copolymer are hydrolyzed, releasing Nitrumon, carboxyphenoxypropane, and sebacic acid into the surrounding brain tissue.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

Nitrumon concentrations delivered by Nitrumon Wafer in human brain tissue have not been determined.

Following an intravenous infusion of Nitrumon at doses ranging from 30 to 170 mg/m2, the average terminal half-life, clearance and steady-state volume of distribution were 22 minutes, 56 mL/min/kg and 3.25 L/kg, respectively. Approximately 60% of the intravenous 200-mg/m2 dose of 14C-carmustine was excreted in the urine over 96 hours and 6% was expired as CO2. Nitrumon degrades both spontaneously and metabolically. The relevance of these data to elimination of intracranial implant-delivered Nitrumon are unknown.

Nitrumon Wafers are biodegradable when implanted into the human brain. Wafer remnants may be observed on brain imaging scans or at re-operation. Wafer remnants were visible in 11 of 18 patients on CT scans obtained 49 days after implantation of Nitrumon Wafer. More than 70% of the copolymer degrades within three weeks. Wafer remnants have been present at re-operation and autopsy up to 232 days after Nitrumon Wafer implantation, and consisted mostly of water and monomeric components with minimal detectable Nitrumon present.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

No carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or impairment of fertility studies have been conducted with Nitrumon Wafer. Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and impairment of fertility studies have been conducted with Nitrumon, the active component of Nitrumon Wafer. Nitrumon was carcinogenic in rats and mice when delivered by intraperitoneal injection at doses lower than those delivered by Nitrumon Wafer at the recommended dose. There were increases in tumor incidence in all treated animals. Nitrumon was mutagenic in vitro (Ames assay, human lymphoblast HGPRT assay) and clastogenic both in vitro (V79 hamster cell micronucleus assay) and in vivo (SCE assay in rodent brain tumors, mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay).

In male rats Nitrumon caused testicular degeneration at intraperitoneal doses of 8 mg/kg/week for eight weeks (about 1.3 times the recommended human dose on a mg/m2 basis).

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

14.1 Newly-Diagnosed High-Grade Malignant Glioma

Study 1 was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial in adult patients with newly-diagnosed high-grade malignant glioma. A total of 240 patients were randomized to receive up to eight Nitrumon Wafers or matched placebo wafers following maximal tumor resection. Patients received post-operative radiation therapy (55-60 Gy delivered in 28 to 30 fractions over six weeks) starting three weeks after surgery. Patients with anaplastic oligodendroglioma also received systemic chemotherapy (6 cycles of PCV- lomustine 110 mg/m2 day 1, procarbazine 60 mg/m2 days 8-21, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 days 8 and 29).

The population in Study 1 was 67% male and 97% White, and the median age was 53 years (range: 21-72). Eighty-seven percent had a Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70% and 71% had a Karnofsky performance status of ≥ 80%. Seventy-eight percent had a histologic subtype of glioblastoma multiforme as determined by central pathology review. Thirty-eight percent of patients received 8 wafers and 78% received ≥ 6 wafers. Starting three weeks after surgery, 80% of patients received standard limited field radiation therapy (RT) described as 55-60 Gy delivered in 28 to 30 fractions over six weeks; 11% received no radiotherapy and the remainder received non-standard radiotherapy or a combination of standard and non-standard radiotherapy. At the time of progression, 12% received systemic chemotherapy. Patients were followed for at least three years or until death.

Efficacy results for patients randomized in Study 1 are summarized in Table 6 and Figure 6. Overall survival among all patients with newly diagnosed high grade glioma, the primary outcome measure, was prolonged in the Nitrumon arm. Overall survival in the subset of patients with glioblastoma multiforme, a secondary outcome measure, was not significantly prolonged.

Overall Survival – ITTBased on a post-final analysis, protocol specified non-stratified log-rank test. Nitrumon Wafer

(n=120)

Placebo Wafer

(n=120)

Number of deaths, n (%) 111 (93%) 117(98%)
Median overall survival, months (95% CI) 13.9 (12.1, 15.1) 11.6 (10.2, 12.7)
Hazard ratio (95% CI) 0.73 (0.56, 0.95)
Log-Rank test p-value <0.02p-value not adjusted for multiple comparisons
Figure 6 – Overall Survival for Patients with Newly Diagnosed High-Grade Malignant Glioma – Kaplan-Meier Curves by Treatment GroupBased on a post-final analysis, protocol specified non-stratified log-rank test; p-value not adjusted for multiple comparisons
Figure 6

14.2 Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme

Study 2 was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo controlled, clinical trial in adult patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Patients were required to have had prior definitive external beam radiation therapy sufficient to disqualify them from additional radiation therapy. Following maximal tumor resection and confirmation of malignant glioma, a total of 222 patients were randomized (1:1) to receive a maximum of eight Nitrumon Wafers (n=110) or matched placebo wafers (n=112) positioned to cover the entire resection surface. All patients were eligible to receive chemotherapy which was withheld at least four weeks (six weeks for nitrosoureas) prior to and two weeks after surgery. Patients were followed for up to 71 months.

The population in Study 2 was 64% male and 92% White, and the median age was 49 years (range: 19-80). Sixty-five percent had a histologic subtype of glioblastoma multiforme, 26% had anaplastic astrocytoma or another anaplastic variant, 73% had a Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70, 53% had a Karnofsky performance status of ≥ 80%, 73% had only one prior surgery, and 46% had prior treatment with nitrosourea. Eighty-one percent of patients received 8 wafers and 96% received ≥ 6 wafers.

Survival and 6-month mortality rate in the subgroup of patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme, were exploratory outcome measures and are summarized in Table 7 and Figures 7 and 8. No survival prolongation was observed in patients with pathologic diagnoses other than glioblastoma multiforme.

Nitrumon Wafer Placebo Wafer
GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME n=72 n=73
6-Month Survival
Number of deaths, n (%) 32 47
6-month survival rate (%) 56% 36%

Log-Rank test p-value

Gehan's generalized Wilcoxon Test p-value

0.013p-value not adjusted for multiple comparisons

0.015

Overall Survival
Number of deaths, n (%) 71 (99%) 72 (99%)
Median overall survival (95% CI (months) 6.51 (5.32, 7.49) 4.63 (3.78, 5.52)

Log-Rank test p-value

Gehan's generalized Wilcoxon Test p-value

0.181

0.021

Figure 7: 6-Month Survival for Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme– Kaplan-Meier Curves by Treatment Group
Figure 8: Overall Survival (months) for Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme– Kaplan-Meier Curves by Treatment Group
Figure 7 Figure 8

15 REFERENCES

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

Nitrumon Wafer is supplied in a single dose treatment box containing eight individually pouched wafers. Each wafer contains 7.7 mg of Nitrumon and is packaged in two aluminum foil laminate pouches. The inner pouch is sterile and is designed to maintain product sterility and protect the product from moisture. The outer pouch is a peelable overwrap. The outside surface of the outer pouch is not sterile.

NDC for single dose treatment box: 24338-050-08

Store Nitrumon Wafer at or below -20ºC (-4ºF).

Do not keep unopened foil pouches at ambient room temperature for more than six hours at a time for up to three cycles within a 30-day period.

Nitrumon Wafer is a cytotoxic drug and special handling and disposal procedures should be considered.1

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Seizures: Advise patients to report any new or change in their seizure activity [(see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].

Intracranial Hypertension: Advise patients to report severe headaches, nausea, vomiting or new onset visual disturbances [(see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ].

Impaired Neurosurgical Wound Healing: Advise patients to report any evidence of wound dehiscence, fever or cerebrospinal fluid leak .

Meningitis: Advise patients to report symptoms of meningitis such as fever or stiff neck .

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Counsel patients on pregnancy planning and prevention. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with Nitrumon .

Nursing Infants: Advise nursing mothers to discontinue nursing after Nitrumon WAFER implantation .

Manufactured by

Eisai Inc.

Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677

Distributed by

Arbor Pharmaceuticals, LLC

Atlanta, GA 30328

Nitrumon® is a registered trademark of Eisai Inc.

GL-PI-02

Nitrumon pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Nitrumon available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Nitrumon destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Nitrumon Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Nitrumon pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."GLIADEL (CARMUSTINE) WAFER [ARBOR PHARMACEUTICALS]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. Dailymed."CARMUSTINE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. "carmustine". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Nitrumon?

Depending on the reaction of the Nitrumon after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Nitrumon not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Nitrumon addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Nitrumon, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Nitrumon consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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