Mupirax

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Mupirax uses


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Mupirax ointment is indicated for the topical treatment of impetigo due to susceptible isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes).

Mupirocinointment is an RNA synthetase inhibitor antibacterial indicated for the topical treatment of impetigo due to susceptible isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. (1)

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

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3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Each gram of Mupirax Ointment USP contains 20 mg Mupirax, USP in a water-miscible ointment base supplied in 22-gram tubes.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Mupirax ointment is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Mupirax or any of the excipients of Mupirax ointment.

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Severe Allergic Reactions

Systemic allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, urticaria, angioedema, and generalized rash, have been reported in patients treated with formulations of Mupirax, including Mupirax ointment .

5.2 Eye Irritation

Avoid contact with the eyes. In case of accidental contact, rinse well with water.

5.3 Local Irritation

In the event of a sensitization or severe local irritation from Mupirax ointment, usage should be discontinued, and appropriate alternative therapy for the infection instituted.

5.4 Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.

C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin-producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibacterial drug use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over 2 months after the administration of antibacterial agents.

If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibacterial drug use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibacterial treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.

5.5 Potential for Microbial Overgrowth

As with other antibacterial products, prolonged use of Mupirax ointment may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible microorganisms, including fungi .

5.6 Risk Associated with Mucosal Use

Mupirax ointment is not formulated for use on mucosal surfaces. Intranasal use has been associated with isolated reports of stinging and drying. A separate formulation, BACTROBAN® nasal ointment, is available for intranasal use.

5.7 Risk of Polyethylene Glycol Absorption

Polyethylene glycol can be absorbed from open wounds and damaged skin and is excreted by the kidneys. In common with other polyethylene glycol-based ointments, Mupirax ointment should not be used in conditions where absorption of large quantities of polyethylene glycol is possible, especially if there is evidence of moderate or severe renal impairment.

5.8 Risk Associated with Use at Intravenous Sites

Mupirax ointment should not be used with intravenous cannulae or at central intravenous sites because of the potential to promote fungal infections and antimicrobial resistance.

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6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling:


To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA at 1 (888)721-7115 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The following local adverse reactions were reported by at least 1% of subjects in connection with the use of Mupirax ointment in clinical trials: burning, stinging, or pain in 1.5% of subjects; itching in 1% of subjects. Rash, nausea, erythema, dry skin, tenderness, swelling, contact dermatitis, and increased exudate were reported in less than 1% of subjects.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

In addition to adverse reactions reported from clinical trials, the following reactions have been identified during postmarketing use of Mupirax ointment. Because they are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, estimates of frequency cannot be made. These reactions have been chosen for inclusion due to a combination of their seriousness, frequency of reporting, or potential causal relationship to Mupirax ointment.

Immune System Disorders

Systemic allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, urticaria, angioedema, and generalized rash [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1)].

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8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Risk Summary

There are insufficient human data to establish whether there is a drug-associated risk with Mupirax ointment in pregnant women. Systemic absorption of Mupirax through intact human skin is minimal following topical administration of Mupirax ointment . No developmental toxicity was observed in rats or rabbits treated with Mupirax subcutaneously during organogenesis at doses of 160 or 40 mg per kg per day, respectively (22 and 11 times the human topical dose based on calculations of dose divided by the entire body surface area).

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriages for the indicated population is unknown. The estimated background risk in the U.S. general population of major birth defects is 2% to 4% and of miscarriage is 15% to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.

Data

Animal Data: Developmental toxicity studies have been performed with Mupirax administered subcutaneously to rats and rabbits at doses up to 160 mg per kg per day during organogenesis. This dose is 22 and 43 times, respectively, the human topical dose (approximately 60 mg Mupirax per day) based on calculations of dose divided by the entire body surface area. Maternal toxicity was observed (body weight loss/decreased body weight gain and reduced feeding) in both species with no evidence of developmental toxicity in rats. In rabbits, excessive maternal toxicity at the high dose precluded the evaluation of fetal outcomes. There was no developmental toxicity in rabbits at 40 mg per kg per day, 11 times the human topical dose based on calculations of dose divided by the entire body surface area.

Mupirax administered subcutaneously to rats in a pre-and postnatal development study (dosed during late gestation through lactation) was associated with reduced offspring viability in the early postnatal period at a dose of 106.7 mg per kg, in the presence of injection site irritation and/or subcutaneous hemorrhaging. This dose is 14 times the human topical dose based on calculations of dose divided by the entire body surface area. The no-observed adverse effect level in this study was 44.2 mg per kg per day, which is 6 times the human topical dose.

8.2 Lactation

Risk Summary

It is not known whether Mupirax is present in human milk, has effects on the breastfed child, or has effects on milk production. However, breastfeeding is not expected to result in exposure of the child to the drug due to the minimal systemic absorption of Mupirax in humans following topical administration of Mupirax ointment [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3)]. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Mupirax ointment and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from Mupirax ointment or from the underlying maternal condition.

Clinical Considerations

To minimize oral exposure of the drug to children, a breast and/or nipple being treated with Mupirax ointment should be thoroughly washed prior to breastfeeding.

8.4 Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of Mupirax ointment have been established in the age range of 2 months to 16 years. Use of Mupirax ointment in these age-groups is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled trials of Mupirax ointment in impetigo in pediatric subjects studied as a part of the pivotal clinical trials [see Clinical Studies ( 14)].

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11 DESCRIPTION

Mupirax Ointment USP, 2% contains the RNA synthetase inhibitor antibacterial, Mupirax, USP. The chemical name is (E)-(2S,3R,4R,5S)-5-[(2S,3S,4S,5S)-2,3-epoxy-5-hydroxy-4-methylhexyl]tetrahydro-3,4dihydroxy-β-methyl-2H-pyran-2-crotonic acid, ester with 9-hydroxynonanoic acid. The molecular formula of Mupirax, USP is C26H44O9, and the molecular weight is 500.6. The structural formula of Mupirax, USP is:

Figure 1. Structure of Mupirax, USP

Each gram of Mupirax Ointment USP, 2% contains 20 mg Mupirax, USP in a water-miscible ointment base (polyethylene glycol ointment, N.F.) consisting of polyethylene glycol 400 and polyethylene glycol 3350.

Structure

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Mupirax is an RNA synthetase inhibitor antibacterial .

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Application of 14C-labeled Mupirax ointment to the lower arm of normal male subjects followed by occlusion for 24 hours showed no measurable systemic absorption (less than 1.1 nanogram Mupirax per milliliter of whole blood). Measurable radioactivity was present in the stratum corneum of these subjects 72 hours after application.

The effect of the concurrent application of Mupirax ointment with other topical products has not been studied [see Dosage and Administration ( 2)].

Elimination

In a trial conducted in 7 healthy adult male subjects, the elimination half-life after intravenous administration of Mupirax was 20 to 40 minutes for Mupirax and 30 to 80 minutes for monic acid.

Metabolism: Following intravenous or oral administration, Mupirax is rapidly metabolized. The principal metabolite, monic acid, demonstrates no antibacterial activity.

Excretion: Monic acid is predominantly eliminated by renal excretion.

12.4 Microbiology

Mupirax is an RNA synthetase inhibitor antibacterial produced by fermentation using the organism Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Mechanism of Action

Mupirax inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly and specifically binding to bacterial isoleucyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase.

Mupirax is bactericidal at concentrations achieved by topical administration. Mupirax is highly protein bound (greater than 97%) and the effect of wound secretions on the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Mupirax has not been determined.

Resistance

When Mupirax resistance occurs, it results from the production of a modified isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, or the acquisition of, by genetic transfer, a plasmid mediating a new isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. High-level plasmid-mediated resistance (MIC ≥512 mcg/mL) has been reported in increasing numbers of isolates of S. aureus and with higher frequency in coagulase-negative staphylococci. Mupirax resistance occurs with greater frequency in methicillin-resistant than methicillin-susceptible staphylococci.

Cross Resistance

Due to its mode of action, Mupirax does not demonstrate cross resistance with other classes of antimicrobial agents.

Antimicrobial Activity

Mupirax has been shown to be active against susceptible isolates of S. aureus and S. pyogenes, both in vitro and in clinical trials [see Indications and Usage ( 1)]. The following in vitro data are available, but their clinical significance is unknown. Mupirax is active against most isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Susceptibility Test Methods

High-level Mupirax resistance (≥512 mcg/mL) may be determined using standard disk diffusion or broth microdilution tests.1,2 Because of the occurrence of Mupirax resistance in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), it is appropriate to test MRSA populations for Mupirax susceptibility prior to the use of Mupirax using a standardized method. 3,4,5

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Long-term studies in animals to evaluate carcinogenic potential of Mupirax have not been conducted.

Results of the following studies performed with Mupirax calcium or Mupirax sodium in vitro and in vivo did not indicate a potential for genotoxicity: rat primary hepatocyte unscheduled DNA synthesis, sediment analysis for DNA strand breaks, Salmonella reversion test (Ames), Escherichia coli mutation assay, metaphase analysis of human lymphocytes, mouse lymphoma assay, and bone marrow micronuclei assay in mice.

In a fertility/reproductive performance study (with dosing through lactation), Mupirax administered subcutaneously to male and female rats at doses up to 100 mg per kg per day which is 14 times the human topical dose (approximately 60 mg Mupirax per day) based on calculations of dose divided by the entire body surface area, did not result in impaired fertility or impaired reproductive performance attributable to Mupirax.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

The efficacy of topical Mupirax ointment in impetigo was tested in 2 trials. In the first, subjects with impetigo were randomized to receive either Mupirax ointment or vehicle placebo 3 times daily for 8 to 12 days. Clinical efficacy rates at end of therapy in the evaluable populations (adults and pediatric subjects included) were 71% for Mupirax ointment (n = 49) and 35% for vehicle placebo (n = 51). Pathogen eradication rates in the evaluable populations were 94% for Mupirax ointment and 62% for vehicle placebo.

In the second trial, subjects with impetigo were randomized to receive either Mupirax ointment 3 times daily or 30 to 40 mg per kg oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate per day (this was an unblinded trial) for 8 days. There was a follow-up visit 1 week after treatment ended. Clinical efficacy rates at the follow-up visit in the evaluable populations (adults and pediatric subjects included) were 93% for Mupirax ointment (n = 29) and 78.5% for erythromycin (n = 28). Pathogen eradication rates in the evaluable populations were 100% for both test groups.

Pediatrics

There were 91 pediatric subjects aged 2 months to 15 years in the first trial described above. Clinical efficacy rates at end of therapy in the evaluable populations were 78% for Mupirax ointment (n = 42) and 36% for vehicle placebo (n = 49). In the second trial described above, all subjects were pediatric except 2 adults in the group receiving Mupirax ointment. The age range of the pediatric subjects was 7 months to 13 years. The clinical efficacy rate for Mupirax ointment (n = 27) was 96%, and for erythromycin it was unchanged (78.5%).

15 REFERENCES

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

Each gram of Mupirax Ointment USP contains 20 mg Mupirax, USP in a water-miscible ointment base.

Mupirax Ointment USP, 2% is supplied in 22-gram tubes.

NDC 68462-180-22 22-gram tube (1 tube per carton)

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).

Advise the patient to administer Mupirax ointment as follows:


Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Manufactured by:

Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Colvale-Bardez, Goa 403 513, India

Manufactured for:

Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA

Mahwah, NJ 07430

Questions? 1 (888)721-7115

www.glenmarkpharma.com/usa

July 2017

Glenmark

Patient Information

Mupirax (mue-PIR-oh-sin)

Ointment

What is Mupirax ointment?

Mupirax ointment is a prescription medicine used on the skin (topical use) to treat a skin infection called impetigo that is caused by bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It is not known if Mupirax ointment is safe and effective in children under 2 months of age.

Who should not use Mupirax ointment?

Do not use Mupirax ointment if:


What should I tell my healthcare provider before using Mupirax ointment?

Before using Mupirax ointment, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions including if you:


Tell your healthcare provider about all of the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Do not mix Mupirax ointment with other lotions, creams, or ointments.

How should I use Mupirax ointment?


What are the possible side effects of Mupirax ointment?

Mupirax ointment may cause serious side effects, including:

  • hives
  • trouble breathing or wheezing
  • swelling of your face, lips, mouth, or tongue
  • dizziness, fast heartbeat, or pounding in your chest
  • a rash over your whole body

The most common side effects of Mupirax ointment include:


These are not all the possible side effects of Mupirax ointment. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

How should I store Mupirax ointment?


General information about the safe and effective use of Mupirax ointment

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use Mupirax ointment for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Mupirax ointment to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about Mupirax ointment that is written for health professionals.

What are the ingredients in Mupirax ointment?

Active Ingredient: Mupirax

Inactive Ingredients: polyethylene glycol 400 and polyethylene glycol 3350

Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Manufactured by:

Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Colvale-Bardez, Goa 403 513, India

Manufactured for:

Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA

Mahwah, NJ 07430

Questions? 1 (888)721-7115

www.glenmarkpharma.com/usa

July 2017

Glenmark

NDC 68462-180-22

Mupirax Ointment USP, 2% - 22 g

Mupirax pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Mupirax available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Mupirax destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Mupirax Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Mupirax pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."MUPIROCIN OINTMENT [GLENMARK PHARMACEUTICALS INC., USA]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. Dailymed."MUPIROCIN CALCIUM: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. "Mupirocin". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Mupirax?

Depending on the reaction of the Mupirax after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Mupirax not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Mupirax addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Mupirax, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Mupirax consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

Visitor reports

Visitor reported useful

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported side effects

No survey data has been collected yet

One visitor reported price estimates

What is your opinion about drug cost? Did you feel the cost is apt, or did you feel it is expensive?
The report given by the sdrugs.com website users shows the following figures about several people who felt the medicine Mupirax is expensive, and the medicine is not expensive. The results are mixed. The perception of the cost of the medicine to be expensive or not depends on the brand name of the medicine, country, and place where it is sold, and the affordability of the patient. You can choose a generic drug in the place of the branded drug to save the cost. The efficiency of the medicine will not vary if it is generic or a branded one.
Visitors%
Not expensive1
100.0%

Visitor reported frequency of use

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported doses

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported time for results

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported administration

No survey data has been collected yet

Two visitors reported age

Visitors%
16-291
50.0%
> 601
50.0%

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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