Ferox Capsules

Folic Acid:

• Indications and usage
• Contraindications
• Precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Dosage and administration
• How supplied
• Storage
• Ferox Capsules (Folic Acid) reviews

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Ferox Capsules (Folic Acid)^® is a prescription iron supplement indicated for use in improving the nutritional status of iron deficiency.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

This product is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients. Hemochromatosis and hemosiderosis are contraindications to iron therapy.

PRECAUTIONS

Ferox Capsules (Folic Acid) acid when administered as a single agent in doses above 0.1 mg daily may obscure pernicious anemia in that hematological remission can occur while neurological manifestations remain progressive. While prescribing this nutritional supplement for pregnant women, nursing mothers, or for women prior to conception, their medical condition and other drugs, herbs, and/or supplements consumption should be considered.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

Allergic sensitization has been reported following both oral and parenteral administration of Ferox Capsules (Folic Acid) acid.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

One tablet daily with or without food or as prescribed by a licensed healthcare provider with prescribing authority.

HOW SUPPLIED

Ferox Capsules (Folic Acid)^® tablets are supplied in child-resistant bottles of 90 tablets (NDC 0037-6885-90)

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

STORAGE

Store at controlled room temperature 20°-25°C (68°-77°F). Excursions permitted to 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).

Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container to protect from light and moisture.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS contact Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc. at 1-888-349-5556 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch

Distributed by:

Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Somerset New Jersey 08873-4120

© 2014 Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc.

U.S. Patent Nos. 7,585,527 and 8,080,520

Proferrin® is a registered trademark of Colorado BioLabs, Inc., Cozad, NE.

Ferox Capsules (Folic Acid) and the BIFERA logo are registered trademarks and the Ferox Capsules (Folic Acid) logo is a trademark of Alaven Pharmaceutical LLC, used under license by Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc.

MEDA PHARMACEUTICALS mark and logo are trademarks of Meda AB.

IN-6885-02 Rev 6/2014

Iron (Iron Carbonyl):

• Indications and usage
• Dosage and administration
• Dosage forms and strengths
• Contraindications
• Warnings and precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Drug interactions
• Use in specific populations
• Overdosage
• Description
• Clinical pharmacology
• Nonclinical toxicology
• Clinical studies
• How supplied/storage and handling
• Patient counseling information
• Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) reviews

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) is indicated for the treatment of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) is an Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) replacement product indicated for the treatment of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (1)

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Ferox Capsules ) must only be administered intravenously either by slow injection or by infusion. The dosage of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) is expressed in mg of elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)). Each mL contains 20 mg of elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)).

2.1 Adult Patients with Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (HDD-CKD)

Administer Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) 100 mg undiluted as a slow intravenous injection over 2 to 5 minutes, or as an infusion of 100 mg diluted in a maximum of 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl over a period of at least 15 minutes, per consecutive hemodialysis session. Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) should be administered early during the dialysis session. The usual total treatment course of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) is 1000 mg. Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) treatment may be repeated if Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.2 Adult Patients with Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Administer Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) 200 mg undiluted as a slow intravenous injection over 2 to 5 minutes or as an infusion of 200 mg in a maximum of 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl over a period of 15 minutes. Administer on 5 different occasions over a 14 day period. There is limited experience with administration of an infusion of 500 mg of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)), diluted in a maximum of 250 mL of 0.9% NaCl, over a period of 3.5 to 4 hours on Day 1 and Day 14. Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) treatment may be repeated if Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.3 Adult Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Administer Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) in 3 divided doses, given by slow intravenous infusion, within a 28 day period: 2 infusions each of 300 mg over 1.5 hours 14 days apart followed by one 400 mg infusion over 2.5 hours 14 days later. Dilute Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) in a maximum of 250 mL of 0.9% NaCl. Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) treatment may be repeated if Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.4 Pediatric Patients with HDD-CKD for Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) maintenance treatment

The dosing for Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with HDD-CKD has not been established.

For Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) maintenance treatment: Administer Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, not to exceed 100 mg per dose, every two weeks for 12 weeks given undiluted by slow intravenous injection over 5 minutes or diluted in 25 mL of 0.9% NaCl and administered over 5 to 60 minutes. Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) treatment may be repeated if necessary.

2.5 Pediatric Patients with NDD-CKD or PDD-CKD who are on erythropoietin therapy for Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) maintenance treatment

The dosing for Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with NDD-CKD or PDD-CKD has not been established.

For Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) maintenance treatment: Administer Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, not to exceed 100 mg per dose, every four weeks for 12 weeks given undiluted by slow intravenous injection over 5 minutes or diluted in 25 mL of 0.9% NaCl and administered over 5 to 60 minutes. Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) treatment may be repeated if necessary.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

• 10 mL single-use vial / 200 mg elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (20 mg/mL)
• 5 mL single-use vial / 100 mg elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (20 mg/mL)
• 2.5 mL single-use vial / 50 mg elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (20 mg/mL)

• 10 mL single-use vial / 200 mg elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (20 mg/mL) (3)
• 5 mL single-use vial / 100 mg elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (20 mg/mL) (3)
• 2.5 mL single-use vial / 50 mg elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (20 mg/mL) (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

• Known hypersensitivity to Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl))

• Known hypersensitivity to Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (4)

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

• Hypersensitivity Reactions: Observe for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity during and after Ferox Capsules ) administration for at least 30 minutes and until clinically stable following completion of each administration. Only administer Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) when personnel and therapies are immediately available for the treatment of serious hypersensitivity reactions. (5.1)
• Hypotension: Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) may cause hypotension. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension during and following each administration of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)). (5.2)
• Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) Overload: Regularly monitor hematologic responses during Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) therapy. Do not administer Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) to patients with Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) overload. (5.3)

5.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions

Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic-type reactions, some of which have been life-threatening and fatal, have been reported in patients receiving Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)). Patients may present with shock, clinically significant hypotension, loss of consciousness, and/or collapse. If hypersensitivity reactions or signs of intolerance occur during administration, stop Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) immediately. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity during and after Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) administration for at least 30 minutes and until clinically stable following completion of the infusion. Only administer Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) when personnel and therapies are immediately available for the treatment of serious hypersensitivity reactions. Most reactions associated with intravenous Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) preparations occur within 30 minutes of the completion of the infusion .

5.2 Hypotension

Ferox Capsules ) may cause clinically significant hypotension. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension following each administration of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)). Hypotension following administration of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) may be related to the rate of administration and/or total dose administered .

5.3 Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) Overload

Excessive therapy with parenteral Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) can lead to excess storage of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) with the possibility of iatrogenic hemosiderosis. All adult and pediatric patients receiving Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) require periodic monitoring of hematologic and Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation). Do not administer Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) to patients with evidence of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) overload. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) values increase rapidly after intravenous administration of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose; do not perform serum Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) measurements for at least 48 hours after intravenous dosing .

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following serious adverse reactions associated with Ferox Capsules ) are described in other sections .

• The most common adverse reactions (≥2%) following the administration of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, hypotension, pruritus, pain in extremity, arthralgia, back pain, muscle cramp, injection site reactions, chest pain, and peripheral edema. (6.1)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact American Regent, Inc. at 1-800-734-9236 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .

6.1 Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Adverse Reactions in Adults Patients with CKD

Adverse Reactions in Adult Patients with CKD

The frequency of adverse reactions associated with the use of Ferox Capsules ) has been documented in six clinical trials involving 231 patients with HDD-CKD, 139 patients with NDD-CKD and 75 patients with PDD-CKD. Treatment-emergent adverse reactions reported by ≥ 2% of treated patients in the six clinical trials for which the rate for Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) exceeds the rate for comparator are listed by indication in Table 1. Patients with HDD-CKD received 100 mg doses at 10 consecutive dialysis sessions until a cumulative dose of 1000 mg was administered. Patients with NDD-CKD received either 5 doses of 200 mg over 2 weeks or 2 doses of 500 mg separated by fourteen days, and patients with PDD-CKD received 2 doses of 300 mg followed by a dose of 400 mg over a period of 4 weeks.

One hundred thirty (11%) of the 1,151 patients evaluated in the 4 U.S. trials in HDD-CKD patients (studies A, B and the two post marketing studies) had prior other intravenous Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) therapy and were reported to be intolerant (defined as precluding further use of that Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) product). When these patients were treated with Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) there were no occurrences of adverse reactions that precluded further use of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) .

Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients with CKD (ages 2 years and older)

Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients with CKD (ages 2 years and older)

In a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging trial for Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) maintenance treatment with Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) in pediatric patients with CKD on stable erythropoietin therapy , at least one treatment-emergent adverse reaction was experienced by 57% (27/47) of the patients receiving Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) 0.5 mg/kg, 53% (25/47) of the patients receiving Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) 1.0 mg/kg, and 55% (26/47) of the patients receiving Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) 2.0 mg/kg.

A total of 5 (11%) subjects in the Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) 0.5 mg/kg group, 10 (21%) patients in the Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) 1.0 mg/kg group, and 10 (21%) patients in the Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) 2.0 mg/kg group experienced at least 1 serious adverse reaction during the study. The most common treatment-emergent adverse reactions (> 2% of patients) in all patients were headache (6%), respiratory tract viral infection (4%), peritonitis (4%), vomiting (4%), pyrexia (4%), dizziness (4%), cough (4%), renal transplant (4%), nausea (3%), arteriovenous fistula thrombosis (2%), hypotension (2%), and hypertension (2.1%).

6.2 Adverse Reactions from Post-Marketing Experience

Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

In the post-marketing safety studies in 1,051 treated patients with HDD-CKD, the adverse reactions reported by > 1% were: cardiac failure congestive, sepsis and dysgeusia.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)). Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure: Anaphylactic-type reactions, shock, loss of consciousness, collapse, bronchospasm, dyspnea, convulsions, light-headedness, confusion, angioedema, swelling of the joints, hyperhidrosis, back pain, bradycardia, and chromaturia.

Symptoms associated with Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) total dosage or infusing too rapidly included hypotension, dyspnea, headache, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, joint aches, paresthesia, abdominal and muscle pain, edema, and cardiovascular collapse. These adverse reactions have occurred up to 30 minutes after the administration of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) injection. Reactions have occurred following the first dose or subsequent doses of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)). Symptoms may respond to intravenous fluids, hydrocortisone, and/or antihistamines. Slowing the infusion rate may alleviate symptoms.

Injection site discoloration has been reported following extravasation. Assure stable intravenous access to avoid extravasation.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

Drug interactions involving Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) have not been studied. However, Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) may reduce the absorption of concomitantly administered oral Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) preparations.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category B

Pregnancy Category B

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, Ferox Capsules ) sucrose was administered intravenously to rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis at doses up to 13 mg/kg/day of elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (half or equivalent to the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area, respectively) and revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose. Because animal reproductive studies are not always predictive of human response, Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose is excreted in human milk. Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose is secreted into the milk of lactating rats. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) is administered to a nursing woman.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of Ferox Capsules ) for Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD have not been established.

Safety and effectiveness of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) for Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) maintenance treatment in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD receiving erythropoietin therapy were studied. Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) at doses of 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg was administered. All three doses maintained hemoglobin between 10.5 g/dL and 14.0 g/dL in about 50% of subjects over the 12-week treatment period with stable EPO dosing. [See Clinical Studies (14.6)]

Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) has not been studied in patients younger than 2 years of age.

In a country where Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) is available for use in children, at a single site, five premature infants (weight less than 1,250 g) developed necrotizing enterocolitis and two of the five died during or following a period when they received Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)), several other medications and erythropoietin. Necrotizing enterocolitis may be a complication of prematurity in very low birth weight infants. No causal relationship to Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) or any other drugs could be established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Of the 1,051 patients in two post-marketing safety studies of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)), 40% were 65 years and older. No overall differences in safety were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. In general, dose administration to an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

10 OVERDOSAGE

No data are available regarding overdosage of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) in humans. Excessive dosages of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) may lead to accumulation of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) in storage sites potentially leading to hemosiderosis. Do not administer Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) to patients with Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) overload.

Toxicities in single-dose studies in mice and rats, at intravenous Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose doses up to 8 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area, included sedation, hypoactivity, pale eyes, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, and mortality.

11 DESCRIPTION

Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (iron sucrose injection, USP), an Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) replacement product, is a brown, sterile, aqueous, complex of polynuclear Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (III)-hydroxide in sucrose for intravenous use. Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose injection has a molecular weight of approximately 34,000 to 60,000 daltons and a proposed structural formula:

[Na₂Fe₅O₈(OH) ·3(H₂O)]_n ·m(C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)

where: n is the degree of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) polymerization and m is the number of sucrose molecules associated with the Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (III)-hydroxide.

Each mL contains 20 mg elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) as Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose in water for injection. Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) is available in 10 mL single-use vials (200 mg elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) per 10 mL), 5 mL single-use vials (100 mg elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) per 5 mL), and 2.5 mL single-use vials (50 mg elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) per 2.5 mL). The drug product contains approximately 30% sucrose w/v (300 mg/mL) and has a pH of 10.5 to 11.1. The product contains no preservatives. The osmolarity of the injection is 1,250 mOsmol/L.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Ferox Capsules ) is an aqueous complex of poly-nuclear Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (III)-hydroxide in sucrose. Following intravenous administration, Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) is dissociated into Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) and sucrose and the Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) is transported as a complex with transferrin to target cells including erythroid precursor cells. The Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) in the precursor cells is incorporated into hemoglobin as the cells mature into red blood cells.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

Following intravenous administration, Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) is dissociated into Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) and sucrose. In 22 patients undergoing hemodialysis and receiving erythropoietin (recombinant human erythropoietin) therapy treated with Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose containing 100 mg of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)), three times weekly for three weeks, significant increases in serum Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) and serum ferritin and significant decreases in total Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) binding capacity occurred four weeks from the initiation of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose treatment.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

In healthy adults administered intravenous doses of Ferox Capsules ), its Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) component exhibited first order kinetics with an elimination half-life of 6 h, total clearance of 1.2 L/h, and steady state apparent volume of distribution of 7.9 L. The Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) component appeared to distribute mainly in blood and to some extent in extravascular fluid. A study evaluating Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) containing 100 mg of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) labeled with ⁵²Fe/⁵⁹Fe in patients with Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) deficiency showed that a significant amount of the administered Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) is distributed to the liver, spleen and bone marrow and that the bone marrow is an irreversible Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) trapping compartment.

Following intravenous administration of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)), Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose is dissociated into Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) and sucrose. The sucrose component is eliminated mainly by urinary excretion. In a study evaluating a single intravenous dose of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) containing 1,510 mg of sucrose and 100 mg of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) in 12 healthy adults (9 female, 3 male: age range 32 to 52), 68.3% of the sucrose was eliminated in urine in 4 h and 75.4% in 24 h. Some Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) was also eliminated in the urine. Neither transferrin nor transferrin receptor levels changed immediately after the dose administration. In this study and another study evaluating a single intravenous dose of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose containing 500 to 700 mg of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) in 26 patients with anemia on erythropoietin therapy (23 female, 3 male; age range 16 to 60), approximately 5% of the Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) was eliminated in urine in 24 h at each dose level. The effects of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) have not been studied.

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients

In a single-dose PK study of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)), patients with NDD-CDK ages 12 to 16 (N=11) received intravenous bolus doses of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) at 7 mg/kg (maximum 200 mg) administered over 5 minutes. Following single dose Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)), the half-life of total serum Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) was 8 hours. The mean Cmax and AUC values were 8545 μg/dl and 31305 hr-μg/dL, respectively, which were 1.42- and 1.67-fold higher than dose adjusted adult Cmax and AUC values.

Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) is not dialyzable through CA210 (Baxter) High Efficiency or Fresenius F80A High Flux dialysis membranes. In in vitro studies, the amount of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose in the dialysate fluid was below the levels of detection of the assay (less than 2 parts per million).

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenicity studies have not been performed with Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose.

Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose was not mutagenic in vitro in the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) or the mouse lymphoma assay. Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose was not clastogenic in the in vitro chromosome aberration assay using human lymphocytes or in the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.

Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) sucrose at intravenous doses up to 15 mg/kg/day of elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (1.2 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area) had no effect on fertility and reproductive function of male and female rats.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

Five clinical trials involving 647 adult patients and one clinical trial involving 131 pediatric patients were conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of Ferox Capsules ).

14.1 Study A: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (HDD–CKD)

Study A was a multicenter, open-label, historically-controlled study in 101 patients with HDD-CKD (77 patients with Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) treatment and 24 in the historical control group) with Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) deficiency anemia. Eligibility criteria for Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) treatment included patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, receiving erythropoietin, hemoglobin level between 8.0 and 11.0 g/dL, transferrin saturation < 20%, and serum ferritin < 300 ng/mL. The mean age of the patients was 65 years with the age range of 31 to 85 years. Of the 77 patients, 44 (57%) were male and 33 (43%) were female.

Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) 100 mg was administered at 10 consecutive dialysis sessions either as slow injection or a slow infusion. The historical control population consisted of 24 patients with similar ferritin levels as patients treated with Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)), who were off intravenous Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) for at least 2 weeks and who had received erythropoietin therapy with hematocrit averaging 31 to 36 for at least two months prior to study entry. The mean age of patients in the historical control group was 56 years, with an age range of 29 to 80 years. Patient age and serum ferritin level were similar between treatment and historical control patients.

Patients in the Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) treated population showed a greater increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit than did patients in the historical control population. See Table 2.

Serum ferritin increased at endpoint of study from baseline in the Venofer-treated population (165.3 ± 24.2 ng/mL) compared to the historical control population (-27.6 ± 9.5 ng/mL). Transferrin saturation also increased at endpoint of study from baseline in the Venofer-treated population (8.8 ± 1.6%) compared to this historical control population (-5.1 ± 4.3%).

14.2 Study B: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study B was a multicenter, open label study of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) in 23 patients with Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) deficiency and HDD-CKD who had been discontinued from Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) dextran due to intolerance. Eligibility criteria were otherwise identical to Study A. The mean age of the patients in this study was 53 years, with ages ranging from 21 to 79 years. Of the 23 patients enrolled in the study, 10 (44%) were male and 13 (56%) were female.

All 23 enrolled patients were evaluated for efficacy. Increases in mean hemoglobin (1.1 ± 0.2 g/dL), hematocrit (3.6 ± 0.6%), serum ferritin (266.3 ± 30.3 ng/mL) and transferrin saturation (8.7 ± 2.0%) were observed from baseline to end of treatment.

14.3 Study C: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study C was a multicenter, open-label study in patients with HDD-CKD. This study enrolled patients with a hemoglobin ≤ 10 g/dL, a serum transferrin saturation ≤ 20%, and a serum ferritin ≤ 200 ng/mL, who were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis 2 to 3 times weekly. The mean age of the patients enrolled in this study was 41 years, with ages ranging from 16 to 70 years. Of 130 patients evaluated for efficacy in this study, 68 (52%) were male and 62 (48%) were female. Forty-eight percent of the patients had previously been treated with oral Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)). Exclusion criteria were similar to those in studies A and B. Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) was administered in doses of 100 mg during sequential dialysis sessions until a pre-determined (calculated) total dose of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) was administered. A 50 mg dose (2.5 mL) was given to patients within two weeks of study entry as a test dose. Twenty-seven patients (20%) were receiving erythropoietin treatment at study entry and they continued to receive the same erythropoietin dose for the duration of the study.

The modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population consisted of 131 patients. Increases from baseline in mean hemoglobin (1.7 g/dL), hematocrit (5%), serum ferritin (434.6 ng/mL), and serum transferrin saturation (14%) were observed at week 2 of the observation period and these values remained increased at week 4 of the observation period.

14.4 Study D: Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study D was a randomized, open-label, multicenter, active-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of oral Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) versus Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) in patients with NDD-CKD with or without erythropoietin therapy. Erythropoietin therapy was stable for 8 weeks prior to randomization. In the study 188 patients with NDD-CKD, hemoglobin of ≤ 11.0 g/dL, transferrin saturation ≤ 25%, ferritin ≤ 300 ng/mL were randomized to receive oral Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (325 mg ferrous sulfate three times daily for 56 days); or Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (either 200 mg over 2 to 5 minutes 5 times within 14 days or two 500 mg infusions on Day 1 and Day 14, administered over 3.5 to 4 hours). The mean age of the 91 treated patients in the Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) group was 61.6 years (range 25 to 86 years) and 64 years (range 21 to 86 years) for the 91 patients in the oral Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) group.

A statistically significantly greater proportion of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) subjects (35/79; 44.3%) compared to oral Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) subjects (23/82; 28%) had an increase in hemoglobin ≥ 1 g/dL at anytime during the study (p = 0.03).

14.5 Study E: Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study E was a randomized, open-label, multicenter study comparing patients with PDD-CKD receiving an erythropoietin and intravenous Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) to patients with PDD-CKD receiving an erythropoietin alone without Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) supplementation. Patients with PDD-CKD, stable erythropoietin for 8 weeks, hemoglobin of ≤ 11.5 g/dL, TSAT ≤ 25%, ferritin ≤ 500 ng/mL were randomized to receive either no Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) or Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (300 mg in 250 mL 0.9% NaCl over 1.5 hours on Day 1 and 15 and 400 mg in 250 mL 0.9% NaCl over 2.5 hours on Day 29). The mean age of the 75 treated patients in the Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) / erythropoietin group was 51.9 years (range 21 to 81 years) vs. 52.8 years (range 23 to 77 years) for 46 patients in the erythropoietin alone group.

Patients in the Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) / erythropoietin group had statistically significantly greater mean change from baseline to the highest hemoglobin value (1.3 g/dL), compared to subjects who received erythropoietin alone (0.6 g/dL) (p < 0.01). A greater proportion of subjects treated with Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) / erythropoietin (59.1 %) had an increase in hemoglobin of ≥ 1 g/dL at any time during the study compared to the subjects who received erythropoietin only (33.3%).

14.6 Study F: Ferox Capsules ) Maintenance Treatment Dosing in Pediatric Patients Ages 2 years and Older with Chronic Kidney Disease

Study F was a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging study for Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) maintenance treatment in pediatric patients with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD on stable erythropoietin therapy. The study randomized patients to one of three doses of Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg or 2.0 mg/kg). The mean age was 13 years (range 2 to 20 years). Over 70% of patients were 12 years or older in all three groups. There were 84 males and 61 females. About 60% of patients underwent hemodialysis and 25% underwent peritoneal dialysis in all three dose groups. At baseline, the mean hemoglobin was 12 g/dL, the mean TSAT was 33% and the mean ferritin was 300 ng/mL. Patients with HDD-CKD received Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) once every other week for 6 doses. Patients with PDD-CKD or NDD-CKD received Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) once every 4 weeks for 3 doses. Among 131 evaluable patients with stable erythropoietin dosing, the proportion of patients who maintained hemoglobin between 10.5 g/dL and 14.0 g/dL during the 12-week treatment period was 58.7%, 46.7%, and 45.0% in the Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg groups, respectively. A dose-response relationship was not demonstrated.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/storage and handling

16.1 How Supplied

Ferox Capsules ) is supplied sterile in 10 mL, 5 mL, and 2.5 mL single-use vials. Each 10 mL vial contains 200 mg elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)), each 5 mL vial contains 100 mg elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)), and each 2.5 mL vial contains 50 mg elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) (20 mg/mL).

16.2 Stability and Storage

Contains no preservatives. Store in original carton at 20°C to 25°C (68° F to 77° F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).. Do not freeze.

Syringe Stability: Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)), when diluted with 0.9% NaCl at concentrations ranging from 2 mg to 10 mg of elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) per mL, or undiluted (20 mg elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) per mL) and stored in a plastic syringe, was found to be physically and chemically stable for 7 days at controlled room temperature (25°C ± 2°C) and under refrigeration (4°C ± 2°C).

Intravenous Admixture Stability: Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)), when added to intravenous infusion bags (PVC or non-PVC) containing 0.9% NaCl at concentrations ranging from 1 mg to 2 mg of elemental Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) per mL, has been found to be physically and chemically stable for 7 days at controlled room temperature (25°C ± 2°C).

Do not dilute to concentrations below 1 mg/mL.

Do not mix Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) with other medications or add to parenteral nutrition solutions for intravenous infusion.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to infusion.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Prior to Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) administration:

• Question patients regarding any prior history of reactions to parenteral Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) products
• Advise patients of the risks associated with Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl))
• Advise patients to report any symptoms of hypersensitivity that may develop during and following Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) administration, such as rash, itching, dizziness, light-headedness, swelling, and breathing problems [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]

AMERICAN

REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

Ferox Capsules (Iron (Iron Carbonyl)) is manufactured under license from Vifor (International) Inc., Switzerland.

PremierProRx^® is a trademark of Premier, Inc., used under license.

PREMIERProRx^®

IN2340

MG #15727

Selenium:

• Description
• Clinical pharmacology
• Indications and usage
• Contraindications
• Warnings
• Precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Overdosage
• Dosage and administration
• How supplied
• Ferox Capsules (Selenium) reviews

Rx Only

TRACE ELEMENT ADDITIVE FOR IV USE AFTER DILUTION

DESCRIPTION

Ferox Capsules (Selenium) Injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution for use as an additive to solutions for Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN).

Each mL contains Selenious Acid 65.4 mcg (equivalent to elemental Ferox Capsules (Selenium) 40 mcg/mL) and Water for Injection q.s. pH may be adjusted with nitric acid to 1.8 to 2.4.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Ferox Capsules (Selenium) is part of glutathione peroxidase which protects cell components from oxidative damage due to peroxides produced in cellular metabolism.

Prolonged TPN support in humans has resulted in Ferox Capsules (Selenium) deficiency symptoms which include muscle pain and tenderness. The symptoms have been reported to respond to supplementation of TPN solutions with Ferox Capsules (Selenium).

Pediatric conditions, Keshan disease, and Kwashiorkor, have been associated with low dietary intake of Ferox Capsules (Selenium). The conditions are endemic to geographical areas with low Ferox Capsules (Selenium) soil content. Dietary supplementation with Ferox Capsules (Selenium) salts has been reported to reduce the incidence of the conditions among affected children.

Normal blood levels of Ferox Capsules (Selenium) in different human populations have been found to vary and depend on the Ferox Capsules (Selenium) content of the food consumed. Results of surveys carried out in some countries are tabulated below:

Plasma Ferox Capsules (Selenium) levels of 0.3 and 0.9 mcg/100 mL have been reported to produce deficiency symptoms in humans.

Ferox Capsules (Selenium) is eliminated primarily in urine. However, significant endogenous losses through feces also occur. The rate of excretion and the relative importance of two routes varies with the chemical form of Ferox Capsules (Selenium) used in supplementation. Ancillary routes of elimination are lungs and skin.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Ferox Capsules (Selenium) Injection is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Administration of Ferox Capsules (Selenium) in TPN solutions helps to maintain plasma Ferox Capsules (Selenium) levels and to prevent depletion of endogenous stores and subsequent deficiency symptoms.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Ferox Capsules (Selenium) Injection should not be given undiluted by direct injection into a peripheral vein because of the potential for infusion phlebitis.

WARNINGS

Ferox Capsules (Selenium) Injection can be toxic if given in excessive amounts. Supplementation of TPN solution with Ferox Capsules (Selenium) should be immediately discontinued if toxicity symptoms are observed. Frequent determination of plasma Ferox Capsules (Selenium) levels during TPN support and close medical supervision is recommended.

Ferox Capsules (Selenium) Injection is a hypotonic solution and should be administered in admixtures only.

This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

PRECAUTIONS

As Ferox Capsules is eliminated in urine and feces, Ferox Capsules (Selenium) supplements may be adjusted, reduced or omitted in renal dysfunction and/or gastrointestinal malfunction. In patients receiving blood transfusions, contribution from such transfusions should also be considered. Frequent Ferox Capsules (Selenium) plasma level determinations are suggested as a guideline.

In animals, Ferox Capsules (Selenium) has been reported to enhance the action of Vitamin E and decrease the toxicity of mercury, cadmium and arsenic.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category C: Ferox Capsules (Selenium) at high dose levels (15-30 mcg/egg) has been reported to have adverse embryological effects among chickens. There are however, no adequate and wellcontrolled studies in pregnant women. Ferox Capsules (Selenium) Injection should be used during pregnancy only if potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Presence of Ferox Capsules (Selenium) in placenta and umbilical cord blood has been reported in humans.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

The amount of Ferox Capsules (Selenium) present in Ferox Capsules (Selenium) Injection is small. Symptoms of toxicity from Ferox Capsules (Selenium) are unlikely to occur at the recommended dosage level.

OVERDOSAGE

Chronic toxicity in humans resulting from exposure to Ferox Capsules (Selenium) in industrial environments, intake of foods grown in seleniferous soils, use of selenium-contaminated water, and application of cosmetics containing Ferox Capsules (Selenium) has been reported in literature. Toxicity symptoms include hair loss, weakened nails, dermatitis, dental defects, gastrointestinal disorders, nervousness, mental depression, metallic taste, vomiting, and garlic odor of breath and sweat. Acute poisoning due to ingestion of large amounts of Ferox Capsules (Selenium) compounds has resulted in death with histopathological changes including fulminating peripheral vascular collapse, internal vascular congestion, diffusely hemorrhagic, congested and edematus lungs, brick-red color gastric mucosa. The death was preceded by coma.

No effective antidote to Ferox Capsules (Selenium) poisoning in humans is known. Animal studies have shown casein and linseed oil in feeds, reduced glutathione, arsenic, magnesium sulfate, and bromobenzene to afford limited protection.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Ferox Capsules (Selenium) Injection provides 40 mcg selenium/mL. For metabolically stable adults receiving TPN, the suggested additive dosage level is 20 to 40 mcg selenium/day. For pediatric patients, the suggested additive dosage level is 3 mcg/kg/day.

In adults, Ferox Capsules (Selenium) deficiency states resulting from long-term TPN support, Ferox Capsules (Selenium) as selenomethionine or selenious acid, administered intravenously at 100 mcg/day for a period of 24 and 31 days, respectively, has been reported to reverse deficiency symptoms without toxicity.

Aseptic addition of Ferox Capsules (Selenium) Injection to the TPN solution under laminar flow hood is recommended. Ferox Capsules (Selenium) is physically compatible with the electrolytes and other trace elements usually present in amino-acid/dextrose solution used for TPN. Frequent monitoring of plasma Ferox Capsules (Selenium) levels is suggested as a guideline for subsequent administration. The normal whole blood range for Ferox Capsules (Selenium) is approximately 10 to 37 mcg/100 mL.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration, whenever solution and container permit.

HOW SUPPLIED

Ferox Capsules (Selenium) Injection containing selenious acid 65.4 mcg/mL (equivalent to elemental Ferox Capsules (Selenium) 40 mcg/mL).

NDC 0517-6510-25 10 mL Single Dose Vial Packaged in boxes of 25

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).

AMERICAN

REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

IN6510

Rev. 11/15

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - Container

NDC 0517-6510-25

Ferox Capsules (Selenium) INJECTION

Ferox Capsules (Selenium) 400 mcg/10 mL

(40 mcg/mL)

10 mL

SINGLE DOSE VIAL

Trace Element Additive

FOR IV USE AFTER DILUTION

PRESERVATIVE FREE

Rx Only

AMERICAN REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - Carton

Ferox Capsules (Selenium) INJECTION

Ferox Capsules (Selenium) 400 mcg/10 mL

(40 mcg/mL)

Trace Element Additive

NDC 0517-6510-25

25 x 10 mL

SINGLE DOSE VIALS

FOR INTRAVENOUS USE AFTER DILUTION PRESERVATIVE FREE Rx Only

Each mL contains: Selenious Acid 65.4 mcg, Water for Injection q.s.

pH adjusted with Nitric Acid. Sterile, nonpyrogenic.

WARNING: DISCARD UNUSED PORTION. Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F); excursions

permitted to 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).

Directions for Use: See Package Insert.

AMERICAN REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

Rev. 11/05

Container Carton

Vitamin B12:

• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacokinetics
• Why is Ferox Capsules prescribed?
• Dosage and administration
• Ferox Capsules (Vitamin B12) side effects, adverse reactions
• Ferox Capsules contraindications
• Ferox Capsules using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special instructions
• Ferox Capsules (Vitamin B12) drug interactions
• Ferox Capsules (Vitamin B12) reviews

Pharmacological action

Ferox Capsules refers to a group of water-soluble vitamins. It has high biological activity. Ferox Capsules (Vitamin B12) is necessary for normal hematopoiesis (promotes maturation of erythrocytes). Involved in the processes of transmethylation, hydrogen transport, synthesis of methionine, nucleic acids, choline, creatine. Contributes to the accumulation in erythrocytes of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups. Has a beneficial effect on liver function and the nervous system. Activates the coagulation of blood in high doses causes an increase in the activity of thromboplastin and prothrombin.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration Ferox Capsules (Vitamin B12) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Metabolized in the tissues, becoming a co-enzyme form - adenosylcobalamin which is the active form of cyanocobalamin. Excreted in bile and urine.

Why is Ferox Capsules prescribed?

Anemia due to B12-deficiency conditions; in the complex therapy for iron and posthemorrhagic anemia; aplastic anemia caused by toxic substances and drugs; liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis); funicular myelosis; polyneuritis, radiculitis, neuralgia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; children cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, peripheral nerve injury; skin diseases (psoriasis, photodermatosis, herpetiformis dermatitis, neurodermatitis); to prevent and treat symptoms of deficiency of Ferox Capsules (Vitamin B12) (including the application of biguanide, PASA, vitamin C in high doses); radiation sickness.

Dosage and administration

Ferox Capsules is used as injections SC, IV, IM, intralumbar, and also oral. With anemia associated with Ferox Capsules (Vitamin B12) deficiency is introduced on 100-200 mcg in 2 days. In anemia with symptoms of funicular myelosis and megalocytic anemia with diseases of the nervous system - 400-500 micrograms in the first 7 days daily, then 1 time every 5-7 days. In the period of remission in the absence of events funicular myelosis maintenance dose - 100 mcg 2 times a month, in the presence of neurological symptoms - at 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month. In acute post-hemorrhagic anemia and iron anemia by 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week. When aplastic anemia (especially in children) - 100 micrograms before clinical improvement. When nutritional anemia in infants and preterm - 30 mcg / day during 15 days.

In diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system and neurological diseases with a pain syndrome is administered in increasing doses - 200-500 mcg, with the improvement in the state - 100 mcg / day. The course of treatment with Ferox Capsules (Vitamin B12) is 2 weeks. In traumatic lesions of peripheral nervous system - at 200-400 mcg every other day for 40-45 days.

When hepatitis and cirrhosis - 30-60 mcg / day or 100 mg every other day for 25-40 days.

Dystrophy in young children, Down syndrome and cerebral palsy - by 15-30 mcg every other day.

When funicular myelosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can be introduced into the spinal canal at 15-30 mcg, gradually increasing the dose of 200-250 micrograms.

In radiation sickness, diabetic neuropathy, sprue - by 60-100 mcg daily for 20-30 days.

When deficiency of Ferox Capsules (Vitamin B12) to prevent - IV or IM for 1 mg 1 time a month; for treatment - IV or IM for 1 mg daily for 1-2 weeks, the maintenance dose is 1-2 mg IV or IM from 1 per week, up to 1 per month. Duration of treatment is determined individually.

Ferox Capsules (Vitamin B12) side effects, adverse reactions

CNS: rarely - a state of arousal.

Cardiovascular system: rarely - pain in the heart, tachycardia.

Allergic reactions: rarely - urticaria.

Ferox Capsules contraindications

Thromboembolism, erythremia, erythrocytosis, increased sensitivity to cyanocobalamin.

Ferox Capsules using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Cyanocobalamin can be used in pregnancy according to prescriptions.

Special instructions

When stenocardia should be used with caution in a single dose of Ferox Capsules 100 mcg. During treatment should regularly monitor the blood picture and coagulation. It is unacceptable to enter in the same syringe with cyanocobalamin solutions of thiamine and pyridoxine.

Ferox Capsules (Vitamin B12) drug interactions

In an application of Ferox Capsules (Vitamin B12) with hormonal contraceptives for oral administration may decrease the concentration of cyanocobalamin in plasma.

In an application with anticonvulsant drugs decreased cyanocobalamin absorption from the gut.

In an Ferox Capsules (Vitamin B12) application with neomycin, aminosalicylic acid, colchicine, cimetidine, ranitidine, drugs potassium decreased cyanocobalamin absorption from the gut.

Cyanocobalamin may exacerbate allergic reactions caused by thiamine.

When parenteral application of chloramphenicol may decrease the hematopoietic effects of cyanocobalamin with anemia.

Pharmaceutical incompatibility

Contained in the molecule of cyanocobalamin cobalt ion contributes to the destruction of ascorbic acid, thiamine bromide, riboflavin in one solution.

Vitamin E:

• Ferox Capsules (Vitamin E) reviews

Indication: Ferox Capsules (Vitamin E), known for its antioxidant activities, is protective against cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer and has also demonstrated immune-enhancing effects. It may be of limited benefit in some with asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. It may be helpful in some neurological diseases including Alzheimer's, some eye disorders including cataracts, and diabetes and premenstrual syndrome. It may also help protect skin from ultraviolet irradiation although claims that it reverses skin aging, enhances male fertility and exercise performance are poorly supported. It may help relieve some muscle cramps.

Ferox Capsules (Vitamin E) has antioxidant activity. It may also have anti-atherogenic, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, neuroprotective, antiviral, immunomodulatory, cell membrane-stabilizing and antiproliferative actions. Ferox Capsules (Vitamin E) is a collective term used to describe eight separate forms, the best-known form being alpha-tocopherol. Ferox Capsules (Vitamin E) is a fat-soluble vitamin and is an important antioxidant. It acts to protect cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of the body's metabolism. Ferox Capsules (Vitamin E) is often used in skin creams and lotions because it is believed to play a role in encouraging skin healing and reducing scarring after injuries such as burns. There are three specific situations when a Ferox Capsules (Vitamin E) deficiency is likely to occur. It is seen in persons who cannot absorb dietary fat, has been found in premature, very low birth weight infants (birth weights less than 1500 grams, or 3½ pounds), and is seen in individuals with rare disorders of fat metabolism. A Ferox Capsules (Vitamin E) deficiency is usually characterized by neurological problems due to poor nerve conduction. Symptoms may include infertility, neuromuscular impairment, menstrual problems, miscarriage and uterine degradation. Preliminary research has led to a widely held belief that Ferox Capsules (Vitamin E) may help prevent or delay coronary heart disease. Antioxidants such as Ferox Capsules (Vitamin E) help protect against the damaging effects of free radicals, which may contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer. It also protects other fat-soluble vitamins (A and B group vitamins) from destruction by oxygen. Low levels of Ferox Capsules (Vitamin E) have been linked to increased incidence of breast and colon cancer.