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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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Acetaminophen:
Co-Dydramol is an analgesic-antipyretic. It has analgesic, antipyretic and weak anti-inflammatory action. The mechanism of action is associated with inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, the predominant influence on the thermoregulation center in the hypothalamus, enhances heat transfer.
Pain weak and moderate intensity of different genesis (including headache, migraine, toothache, neuralgia, myalgia, algomenorrhea; pain in trauma, burns). Fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Oral or rectally adults and adolescents with a body weight over 60 kg is used in a single dose of 500 mg, the multiplicity of admission - up to 4 times / Maximum duration of treatment - 5-7 days.
Maximum dose: single - 1 g, daily - 4 g.
Single dose for oral administration for children aged 6-12 years - 250-500 mg, 1-5 years - 120-250 mg, from 3 months to 1 year - 60-120 mg, up to 3 months - 10 mg / kg. Single dose rectal in children aged 6-12 years - 250-500 mg, 1-5 years - 125-250 mg.
Multiplicity - 4 at intervals of not less than 4 h. The maximum duration of treatment - 3 days.
Maximum dose: 4 single dose per day.
Digestive system: rarely - dyspepsia; long-term use at high doses - hepatotoxic effects, methemoglobinemia, renal dysfunction and liver, hypochromic anemia. Hemopoietic system: rarely - thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis. Allergic reactions: rarely - skin rash, itching, hives.
Chronic active alcoholism, increased sensitivity to Co-Dydramol, marked disturbances of liver function and / or kidney disease, anemia, pregnancy (I term).
Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen) crosses the placental barrier. So far, no observed adverse effects of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen) on the fetus in humans.
Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen) is excreted in breast milk: the content in milk was 0.04-0.23% of the dose adopted mother.
If necessary, use of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen) during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding) should carefully weigh the potential benefits of therapy for the mother and the potential risk to the fetus or child.
In experimental studies found no embryotoxic, teratogenic and mutagenic action of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen).
Co-Dydramol is used with caution in patients with disorders of the liver and kidneys, with benign hyperbilirubinemia, as well as in elderly patients.
With prolonged use of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen) is necessary to monitor patterns of peripheral blood and functional state of the liver.
Used for treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome in combination with pamabrom (diuretic, a derivative of xanthine) and mepyramine (Histamine H1-receptors blocker).
With the simultaneous use with inducers of microsomal liver enzymes, means having hepatotoxic effect, increasing the risk of hepatotoxic action of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen).
With the simultaneous use of anticoagulants may be slight to moderate increase in prothrombin time.
With the simultaneous use of anticholinergics may decrease absorption of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen).
With the simultaneous use of oral contraceptives accelerated excretion of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen) from the body and may reduce its analgesic action.
With the simultaneous use with urological means reduced their effectiveness.
With the simultaneous use of activated charcoal reduced bioavailability of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen).
When Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen) applied simultaneously with diazepam may decrease excretion of diazepam.
There have been reports about the possibility of enhancing mielodepression effect of zidovudine while applying with Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen). A case of severe toxic liver injury.
Described cases of toxic effects of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen), while the use of isoniazid.
When applied simultaneously with carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidonom decreases the effectiveness of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen), which is caused by an increase in its metabolism and excretion from the body. Cases of hepatotoxicity, while the use of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen) and phenobarbital.
In applying cholestyramine a period of less than 1 h after administration of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen) may decrease of its absorption.
At simultaneous application with lamotrigine moderately increased excretion of lamotrigine from the body.
With the simultaneous use of metoclopramide may increase absorption of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen) and its increased concentration in blood plasma.
When applied simultaneously with probenecid may decrease clearance of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen), with rifampicin, sulfinpyrazone - may increase clearance of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen) due to increasing its metabolism in the liver.
At simultaneous application of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen) with ethinylestradiol increases absorption of Co-Dydramol (Acetaminophen) from the gut.
Enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants (coumarin derivatives and indandione). Antipyretic and analgesic activity of caffeine increases, reduce - rifampicin, phenobarbital and alcohol (accelerated biotransformation, inducing microsomal liver enzymes).
At a reception in toxic doses (10-15 g in adults) may develop liver necrosis.
Symptoms of overdose may include: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, sweating, extreme tiredness, unusual bleeding or bruising, pain in the upper right part of the stomach, yellowing of the skin or eyes, flu-like symptoms
Dihydrocodeine Tartrate:
Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) bitartrate tablets are supplied in tablet form for oral administration.
Each tablet contains:
Acetaminophenִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִ712.8 mg
Caffeineִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִ60 mg
Dihydrocodeine* bitartrateִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִִ32 mg
*Warning: May be habit forming
Acetaminophen (4'-hydroxyacetanilide), a slightly bitter, white, odorless, crystalline powder, is a non-opiate, non-salicylate analgesic and antipyretic.
It has the following structural formula:
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), a bitter, white crystalline powder, is a central nervous system stimulant. It has the following structural formula:
Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) Bitartrate (4,5a-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmDihydrocodeine Bitartrate (4,5a-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmDihydrocodeine Bitartrate (4,5a-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmDihydrocodeine Bitartrate (4,5a-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6a-ol (+)-tartrate), an odorless, fine white powder is an opioid analgesic. It has the following structural formula:
In addition, each tablet also contains the following inactive ingredients: crospovidone, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone, pregelatinized starch, stearic acid.
Pharmacology:
Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) bitartrate tablets contain Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) which is a semisynthetic narcotic analgesic related to codeine, with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of codeine; the most prominent of these involve the central nervous system and organs with smooth muscle components. The principal action of therapeutic value is analgesia.
This combination product also contains acetaminophen, a non-opiate, non-salicylate analgesic and antipyretic. This combination product contains caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant. Caffeine is also a central nervous system and cardiovascular stimulant.
Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) bitartrate tablets are indicated for the relief of moderate to moderately severe pain.
This combination product is contraindicated in persons with hypersensitivity to Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate), codeine, acetaminophen, caffeine, or any of the inactive components listed above, or any situation where opioids are contraindicated including significant respiratory depression (in unmonitored settings or in the absence of resuscitative equipment), acute or severe bronchial asthma or hypercapnia, and paralytic ileus.
Co-Dydramol may impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks such as driving a car or operating machinery.
Respiratory Depression:
Respiratory depression is the most dangerous acute reaction produced by opioid agonist preparations, although it is rarely severe with usual doses. Opioids decrease the respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation, and sensitivity to carbon dioxide. Respiratory depression occurs most frequently in elderly or debilitated patients, usually after large initial doses in nontolerant patients, or when opioids are given in conjunction with other agents that depress respiration. This combination product should be used with caution in patients with significant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or corpulmonale and in patients with a substantially decreased respiratory reserve, hypoxia, hypercapnia, or respiratory depression. In such patients, alternative non-opioid analgesics should be considered, and opioids should be admin- istered only under careful medical supervision at the lowest effective dose.
This combination product should be used cautiously in the presence of head injury or increased intracranial pressure. The effects of opioids on pupillary response and consciousness may obscure neurologic signs of increases in intracranial pressure in patients with head injuries. The respiratory depressant effects including carbon dioxide retention and secondary elevation of cerebrospinal fluid pressure may be markedly exaggerated in the presence of head injury, intracranial lesions, or other causes of increased intracranial pressures.
Co-Dydramol, like all opioid analgesics, may cause hypotension in patients whose ability to maintain blood pressure has been compromised by a depleted blood volume or who receive concurrent therapy with drugs such as phenothiazines or other agents which compromise vasomotor tone.
Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) bitartrate tablets may produce orthostatic hypotension in ambulatory patients. This combination product should be administered with caution to patients in circulatory shock, since vasodilation produced by the drug may further reduce cardiac output and blood pressure.
Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) can produce drug dependence of the codeine type and has the potential of being abused (See DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE ).
Selection of patients for treatment with Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol bitartrate tablets should be governed by the same principles that apply to the use of similar opioid/non-opioid fixed combination analgesics. As with any such opioid analgesic, the dosing regimen should be adjusted for each patient (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). This combination product should be used with caution in elderly or debilitated patients or those with any of the following conditions: acute alcoholism; adrenocortical insufficiency (e.g., Addison's disease); asthma; central nervous system depression or coma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; decreased respiratory reserve (including emphysema, severe obesity, cor pulmonale, or kyphoscoliosis); delirium tremens; head injury; hypotension; increased intracranial pressure; myxedema or hypothyroidism; prostatic hypertrophy or urethral stricture; and toxic psychosis. The benefits and risks of using opioids in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors and in those with a history of drug abuse should be carefully considered. The administration of an analgesic containing an opioid may obscure the diagnosis or clinical course in patients with acute abdominal conditions. This combination product may aggravate convulsions in patients with convulsive disorders and, like all opioids, may induce or aggravate seizures in some clinical settings. Acetaminophen is relatively non-toxic at therapeutic doses, but should be used with caution in patients with severe renal or hepatic disease. Care should be observed when using large doses of acetaminophen in malnourished patients or those with a history of chronic alcohol abuse because they may be more susceptible to hepatic damage similar to that observed with toxic overdosage.
Caffeine in high doses may produce central nervous system and cardiovascular stimulation and gastrointestinal irritation.
Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) with Other Central Nervous System Depressants:
Patients receiving other opioid analgesics, sedatives or hypnotics, muscle relaxants, general anesthetics, centrally acting anti-emetics, phenothiazines or other tranquilizers, or alcohol concomitantly with this combination product may exhibit additive depressant effects on the central nervous system. When such combined therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced.
Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors:
Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate), like all opioid analgesics, interacts with monoamine oxidase inhibitors causing central nervous system excitation and hypertension.
Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) with Mixed Agonist/Antagonist Opioid Analgesics:
Agonist/antagonist analgesics (i.e., pentazocine, nalbuphine, butorphanol and buprenorphine) may reduce the analgesic effect of this combination product.
Acetaminophen-Drug Interactions:
Chronic and excessive consumption of alcohol may increase the hepatotoxic risk of acetaminophen. The potential for hepatotoxicity with acetaminophen also may be increased in patients receiving anticonvulsants that induce hepatic microsomal enzymes (including phenytoin, barbiturates, and carbamazepine) or isoniazide. Chronic ingestion of large doses of acetaminophen may slightly potentiate the effects of warfarin- and indandione- derivative anticoagulants. Severe hypothermia is possible in patients receiving acetaminophen concomitantly with phenothiazines.
Caffeine-Drug Interactions:
Caffeine may enhance the cardiac inotropic effects of beta-adrenergic stimulating agents. Coadministration of caffeine and disulfiram may lead to a substantial decrease in caffeine clearance. Caffeine may increase the metabolism of other drugs such as phenobarbital and aspirin. Caffeine accumulation may occur when products or foods containing caffeine are consumed concomitantly with quinolones such as ciprofloxacin.
Patients receiving Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol bitartrate tablets should be given the following information:
Teratogenic Effects – Pregnancy Category C.
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) bitartrate tablets. It is also not known whether this combination product can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women or can affect reproduction capacity in males and females. This combination product should be given to pregnant women only if clearly needed, especially during the first trimester.
Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol bitartrate tablets are not recommended for use by women during and immediately before labor and delivery because oral opioids may cause respiratory depression in the newborn.
Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) bitartrate, acetaminophen and caffeine tablets are excreted in breast milk in small amounts, but the significance of their effects on nursing infants is not known. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from this combination product, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Safety and effectiveness of Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol bitartrate tablets in pediatric patients have not been established.
Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) bitartrate tablets should be given with caution to the elderly.
Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol bitartrate tablets should be given with caution to patients with hepatic insufficiency. Since Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) is metabolized by the liver and since acetaminophen potentially causes hepatotoxicity, the effects of this combination product should be monitored closely in such patients.
Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) bitartrate tablets should be used with caution and at reduced dosage in the presence of impaired renal function.
Opioids may cause spasms of the sphincter of Oddi and should be used with caution in patients with biliary tract disease including pancreatitis.
Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate):
The most frequently observed adverse reactions include light-headedness, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, fatigue, sedation, sweating, nausea, vomiting, constipation, pruritus, and skin reactions. With the exception of constipation, tolerance develops to most of these effects. Other reactions that have been observed with Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) or other opioids include respiratory depression, orthostatic hypotension, cough suppression, confusion, diarrhea, miosis, abdominal pain, dry mouth, indigestion, anorexia, spasm of biliary tract, and urinary retention. Physical and psychological dependence are possibilities. Hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylactoid reactions), hallucinations, vivid dreams, granulomatous interstitial nephritis, severe narcosis and acute renal failure have been reported rarely during Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) administration.
Acetaminophen:
Acetaminophen in therapeutic doses rarely causes adverse reactions.
The most serious adverse reaction is hepatoxicity from overdosage (see OVERDOSAGE ). Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenic purpura, and agranulocytosis have been reported in patients receiving acetaminophen or p-aminophenol derivatives. Hypersensitivity reactions including urticarial or erythematous skin reactions, laryngeal edema, angioedema, or anaphylactoid reactions are rare.
Caffeine:
Adverse reactions associated with caffeine use include anxiety, anxiety neurosis, excitement, headaches, insomnia, irritability, lightheadedness, restlessness, tenseness, tremor, extrasystoles, palpitations, tachycardia, diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain, vomiting, diuresis, urticarcia, scintillating scotoma, and tinnitus.
This combination product is subject to the provisions of the Controlled Substance Act, and has been placed in Schedule III.
Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) can produce drug dependence of the codeine type and therefore has the potential of being abused.
Like other opioid analgesics, Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) may produce subjective effects other than analgesia (e.g., euphoria, relaxation), which may contribute to abuse by some patients. Psychological dependence, physical dependence, and tolerance may develop upon repeated administration of Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate), and It should be prescribed and administered with the same degree of caution appropriate to the use of other oral opioid analgesic medications.
Symptoms of Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) withdrawal consist of irritability, restlessness, insomnia, diaphoresis, anxiety and palpitations.
Prolonged, high intake of caffeine may produce tolerance and habituation. Physical signs of withdrawal, such as headaches, irritation, nervousness, anxiety, and dizziness may occur upon abrupt discontinuation.
Following an acute overdosage with Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) bitartrate tablets, toxicity may result from the Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate), acetaminophen, or, less likely, caffeine component. An overdose is a potentially lethal polydrug overdose situation, and consultation with a regional poison control center is recommended. A listing of the poison control centers can be found in standard references such as the Physician's Desk Reference®.
Signs and Symptoms and Laboratory Findings:
Toxicity from Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) is typical of opioids and includes pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and loss of consciousness. Convulsions, cardiovascular collapse, and death may occur. A single case of acute rhabdomyolysis associated with an overdose of Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) has been reported. With acetaminophen, dose-dependent potentially fatal hepatic necrosis is the most serious adverse effect. Renal tubular necrosis, hypoglycemic coma, and thrombocytopenia may occur. Early symptoms of hepatotoxicity include nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, and general malaise. Clinical and laboratory evidence of hepatic toxicity may not be apparent until 48 to 72 hours after ingestion. Acute caffeine poisoning may cause insomnia, restlessness, tremor, delirium, tachycardia, extrasystoles, and seizures.
Because overdose information on this combination product is limited, it is unclear which of the signs and symptoms of toxicity would manifest in any particular overdose situation.
Treatment:
Immediate treatment of an overdosage of Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) bitartrate tablets includes support of cardiorespiratory function and measures to reduce drug absorption. Vomiting should be induced with syrup of ipecac, if the patient is alert and has adequate laryngeal reflexes. Oral activated charcoal should follow. The first dose of charcoal should be accompanied by an appropriate cathartic. Gastric lavage may be necessary. Hypotension is usually hypovolemic and should be treated with fluids. Endotracheal intubation and artificial respiration may be necessary. Peritoneal or hemodialysis may be necessary. If hypoprothrombinemia occurs, Vitamin K should be administered.
A pure opioid antagonist, such as naloxone or nalmefene, is a specific antidote against respiratory depression which results from opioid overdose. Opioid antagonists should not be given in the absence of clinically significant respiratory or circulatory depression secondary to opioid overdose. They should be administered cautiously to persons who are known, or suspected to be, physically dependent on any opioid agonist including Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) bitartrate tablets. In such cases, an abrupt or complete reversal of opioid effects may precipitate an acute abstinence syndrome. The prescribing information for the specific opioid antagonist should be consulted for details of their proper use.
In adults and adolescents, regardless of the quantity of acetaminophen reported to have been ingested, acetylcysteine should be administered immediately if 24 hours or less have elapsed from the reported time of ingestion. It is not advisable to await the plasma concentration determination of acetaminophen before administering acetylcysteine. Serum liver enzyme levels should be measured. Therapy in children involves a similar treatment scheme; however, a regional Poison Control Center should be contacted. No specific antidote is available for caffeine. In addition to the supportive measures above, administration of demulcents such as aluminum hydroxide gel may diminish gastrointestinal irritation. Seizures may be treated with intravenous diazepam or a barbiturate.
The usual adult dosage is one (1) Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) bitartrate tablets orally every four (4) hours, as needed. Dosage should be adjusted according to the severity of the pain and the response of the patient. No more than one (1) tablet should be taken in a 4-hour period. No more than five (5) doses, or five (5) tablets should be taken in a 24-hour period.
Acetaminophen, caffeine, and Co-Dydramol (Dihydrocodeine Tartrate) bitartrate tablets, containing acetaminophen 712.8 mg, caffeine 60 mg and dihydrocodeine* bitartrate 32 mg (*Warning: May be habit-forming). Tablets are white, oval-shaped single scored and are debossed “Boca” on one side and “611” on the other side; are supplied in
Bottles of 30 | NDC 54868-5900-0 |
Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).. Protect from moisture.
Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Rx Only
Manufactured for:
Boca Pharmacal, Inc.
Coral Springs, FL 33065
www.bocapharmacal.com
Rev. 06/09
Physician’s Desk Reference® is the registered trademark of Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
Relabeling and Repackaging by:
Physicians Total Care, Inc.
Tulsa, OK 74146
Depending on the reaction of the Co-Dydramol after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Co-Dydramol not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.
Is Co-Dydramol addictive or habit forming?Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.
Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.
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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology