Asmaline Expectorant

Guaifenesin:

• Asmaline Expectorant (Guaifenesin) reviews

Indication: Used to assist the expectoration of phlegm from the airways in acute respiratory tract infections.

Asmaline Expectorant (Guaifenesin) is an expectorant which increases the output of phlegm (sputum) and bronchial secretions by reducing adhesiveness and surface tension. The increased flow of less viscous secretions promotes ciliary action and changes a dry, unproductive cough to one that is more productive and less frequent. By reducing the viscosity and adhesiveness of secretions, Asmaline Expectorant (Guaifenesin) increases the efficacy of the mucociliary mechanism in removing accumulated secretions from the upper and lower airway.

Terbutaline Sulfate:

• Indications and usage
• Contraindications
• Warnings
• Precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Dosage and administration
• Overdosage
• How supplied
• Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) reviews

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) is indicated for the prevention and reversal of bronchospasm in patients 12 years of age and older with asthma and reversible bronchospasm associated with bronchitis and emphysema.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

1. Tocolysis

Oral Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) has not been approved and should not be used for acute or maintenance tocolysis. [see Boxed Warning: Tocolysis .]

2. Hypersensitivity

Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) is contraindicated in patients known to be hypersensitive to sympathomimetic amines or any component of this drug product.

WARNINGS

Deterioration of Asthma

Asthma may deteriorate acutely over a period of hours or chronically over several days or longer. If the patient needs more doses of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) than usual, this may be a marker of destabilization of asthma and requires reevaluation of the patient and the treatment regimen, giving special consideration to the possible need for anti-inflammatory treatment, e.g., corticosteroids.

Use of Anti-Inflammatory Agents

The use of beta-adrenergic agonist bronchodilators alone may not be adequate to control asthma in many patients. Early consideration should be given to adding anti-inflammatory agents, e.g., corticosteroids.

Cardiovascular Effects

Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate), like all other beta-adrenergic agonists, can produce a clinically significant cardiovascular effect in some patients as measured by pulse rate, blood pressure, and/or symptoms. Although such effects are uncommon after administration of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) at recommended doses, if they occur, the drug may need to be discontinued. In addition, beta-agonists have been reported to produce electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, such as flattening of the T wave, prolongation of the QTc interval, and ST segment depression. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown. Therefore, Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate), like all sympathomimetic amines, should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disorders, especially coronary insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypertension.

Seizures

There have been rare reports of seizures in patients receiving terbutaline; seizures did not recur in these patients after the drug was discontinued.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Terbutaline, as with all sympathomimetic amines, should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disorders, including ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmias; hyperthyroidism; diabetes mellitus; hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines; and convulsive disorders. Significant changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure have been seen and could be expected to occur in some patients after use of any beta-adrenergic bronchodilator.

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions and exacerbation of bronchospasm have been reported after terbutaline administration.

Beta-adrenergic agonist medications may produce significant hypokalemia in some patients, possibly through intracellular shunting, which has the potential to produce adverse cardiovascular effects. The decrease is usually transient, not requiring supplementation.

Large doses of intravenous Asmaline Expectorant have been reported to aggravate preexisting diabetes and ketoacidosis.

Information for Patients

The action of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) should last up to 6 hours or longer. Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) should not be used more frequently than recommended. Do not increase the dose or frequency of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) without consulting your physician. If you find that treatment with Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) becomes less effective for symptomatic relief, your symptoms become worse, and/or you need to use the product more frequently than usual, you should seek medical attention immediately. While taking Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate), other inhaled drugs and asthma medications should be taken only as directed by your physician. Common adverse effects include palpitations, chest pain, rapid heart rate, tremor or nervousness. If you are pregnant or nursing, contact your physician about use of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate). Effective and safe use of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) includes an understanding of the way that it should be administered.

Drug Interactions

The concomitant use of Asmaline Expectorant with other sympathomimetic agents is not recommended, since the combined effect on the cardiovascular system may be deleterious to the patient. However, this does not preclude the use of an aerosol bronchodilator of the adrenergic-stimulant type for the relief of an acute bronchospasm in patients receiving chronic oral therapy with Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate).

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Tricyclic Antidepressants

Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) should be administered with extreme caution to patients being treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants, or within 2 weeks of discontinuation of such agents, since the action of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) on the vascular system may be potentiated.

Beta-Blockers

Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents not only block the pulmonary effect of beta-agonists, such as Asmaline Expectorant, but may produce severe bronchospasm in asthmatic patients. Therefore, patients with asthma should not normally be treated with beta-blockers. However, under certain circumstances, e.g., as prophylaxis after myocardial infarction, there may be no acceptable alternatives to the use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents in patients with asthma. In this setting, cardioselective beta-blockers could be considered, although they should be administered with caution.

Diuretics

The ECG changes and/or hypokalemia that may result from the administration of non-potassium sparing diuretics (such as loop or thiazide diuretics) can be acutely worsened by beta-agonists, especially when the recommended dose of the beta-agonist is exceeded. Although the clinical significance of these effects is not known, caution is advised in the co-administration of beta-agonists with non-potassium sparing diuretics.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

In a 2-year study in Sprague-Dawley rats, Asmaline Expectorant caused a significant and dose-related increase in the incidence of benign leiomyomas of the mesovarium at dietary doses of 50 mg/kg, and above (approximately 25 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose for adults on a mg/m² basis). In a 21-month study in CD-1 mice, Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) showed no evidence of tumorigenicity at dietary doses up to 200 mg/kg (approximately 55 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose for adults on a mg/m² basis). The mutagenicity potential of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) has not been determined.

Reproduction studies in rats using Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) demonstrated no impairment of fertility at oral doses up to 50 mg/kg (approximately 25 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose for adults on a mg/m² basis).

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category C

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Asmaline Expectorant in pregnant women. Published animal studies show that rat offspring exhibit alterations in behavior and brain development, including decreased cellular proliferation and differentiation when dams were treated subcutaneously with terbutaline during the late stage of pregnancy and lactation period. Terbutaline exposures in rat dams were approximately 6.5 times the common human dose in adults of 15 mg/day, on a mg/m² basis.

Oral Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) has not been approved and should not be used for acute or maintenance tocolysis. In particular, Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) should not be used for tocolysis in the outpatient or home setting. Serious adverse reactions, including death, have been reported after administration of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) to pregnant women. In the mother, these adverse reactions include increased heart rate, transient hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary edema and myocardial ischemia. Increased fetal heart rate and neonatal hypoglycemia may occur as a result of maternal administration. [See Boxed Warning: Tocolysis and Contraindications, Tocolysis .]

In animal embryofetal developmental studies, no teratogenic effects were observed in offspring when pregnant rats and rabbits received Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) at oral doses up to 50 mg/kg/day, approximately 32 and 65 times, respectively, the maximum recommended daily oral dose for adults, on a mg/m² basis.

Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Use in Labor and Delivery

Because of the potential for beta-agonist interference with uterine contractility, use of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) for relief of bronchospasm during labor should be restricted to those patients in whom the benefits clearly outweigh the risk.

Terbutaline crosses the placenta. After single dose IV administration of terbutaline to 22 women in late pregnancy who were delivered by elective Cesarean section due to clinical reasons, umbilical blood levels of terbutaline were found to range from 11% to 48% of the maternal blood levels.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Therefore, Asmaline Expectorant should be used during nursing only if the potential benefit justifies the possible risk to the newborn.

Pediatric Use

Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) is not recommended for patients under the age of 12 years because of insufficient clinical data to establish safety and effectiveness (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

Adverse reactions observed with Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) are similar to those commonly seen with other sympathomimetic amines. All of these reactions are generally transient in nature and usually do not require treatment. The frequency of these side effects appears to diminish with continued therapy.

The following table lists the adverse reactions seen in 199 patients treated with Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) tablets during six double-blind crossover studies and four double-blind parallel studies (short- and long-term) performed in the United States.

The following adverse effects each occurred in fewer than 1% of patients: hallucinations, rash, paresthesia, hypertonia, (muscle cramps), vomiting.

There have been rare reports of elevations in liver enzymes and of hypersensitivity vasculitis.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Adults

The usual oral dose of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) for adults is 5 mg administered at approximately six-hour intervals, three times daily, during the hours the patient is usually awake. If side effects are particularly disturbing, the dose may be reduced to 2.5 mg three times daily, and still provide a clinically significant improvement in pulmonary function. The total dose within 24 hours should not exceed 15 mg.

Children

Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) is not recommended for use in children below the age of 12 years. A dosage of 2.5 mg three times daily is recommended for children 12-15 years of age. The total dose within 24 hours should not exceed 7.5 mg.

If a previously effective dosage regimen fails to provide the usual relief, medical advice should be sought immediately as this is often a sign of seriously worsening asthma that would require reassessment of therapy.

OVERDOSAGE

The median subcutaneous lethal dose of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) in mature rats is approximately 165 mg/kg (approximately 90 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose for adults on a mg/m² basis). The median subcutaneous lethal dose of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) in young rats is approximately 2000 mg/kg (approximately 1100 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose for adults on a mg/m² basis).

The expected symptoms with overdosage are those of excessive beta-adrenergic stimulation and/or occurrence or exaggeration of any of the symptoms listed under ADVERSE REACTIONS , e.g., seizures, angina, hypertension or hypotension, tachycardia with rates up to 200 beats per minute, arrhythmias, nervousness, headache, tremor, dry mouth, palpitation, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, malaise, and insomnia. Hypokalemia may also occur.

There is no specific antidote. Treatment consists of discontinuation of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) together with appropriate symptomatic therapy. The judicious use of a cardioselective beta-receptor blocker may be considered, bearing in mind that such medication can produce bronchospasm. There is insufficient evidence to determine if dialysis is beneficial for overdosage of Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate).

In the alert patient who has taken excessive oral medication, the stomach should be emptied by induced emesis followed by lavage. In the unconscious patient, the airway should be secured with a cuffed endotracheal tube before lavage, and emesis should not be induced. Instillation of activated charcoal slurry may help reduce absorption of terbutaline. Adequate respiratory exchange should be maintained, and cardiac and respiratory support provided as needed. The patient should be monitored until signs and symptoms of overdosage have subsided.

HOW SUPPLIED

Asmaline Expectorant (Terbutaline Sulfate) tablets, USP are packaged in bottles of 100 and 1000 tablets. Descriptions of the 2.5 and 5 mg tablets follow:

Tablets 2.5 mg-round, white, scored (imprinted LCI over 1318)

Bottles of 100 NDC 0527-1318-01

Bottles of 1000 NDC 0527-1318-10

Tablets 5 mg-round, white, scored (imprinted LCI over 1311)

Bottles of 100 NDC 0527-1311-01

Bottles of 1000 NDC 0527-1311-10

Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).

Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP with a child-resistant closure

Distributed By:

Lannett Company, Inc.

Philadelphia, PA 19136

Made in the USA

CIB70314B

Rev. 02/16