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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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Apurin
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Apurin uses
Apurin consists of Allopurinol, Allopurinol Sodium.Allopurinol:
Pharmacological action
Apurin is a medication that violates the synthesis of uric acid. This drug is a structural analog of hypoxanthine. It inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is involved in the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. This is due to decrease in the concentration of uric acid and its salts in body fluids and urine, which helps dissolve existing uric acid deposits and prevents their formation in tissues and kidney. Apurin (Allopurinol) increases urinary excretion of hypoxanthine and xanthine.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration Apurin (Allopurinol) is almost entirely (90%) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. This medication is metabolized to form alloxantin, which retains the ability to sufficiently long to inhibit xanthine oxidase. Cmax of Apurin (Allopurinol) in the blood plasma is reached after an average of 1.5 h, alloxantin - in 4.5 h after a single dose.
T1/2 of Apurin (Allopurinol) is 1-2 hours, alloxantin - about 15 hours. About 20% of the administered dose is excreted through the intestines and the rest by kidneys.
Why is Apurin prescribed?
Treatment and prevention of gout and hyperuricemia different genesis (including in conjunction with nephrolithiasis, renal failure, uric acid nephropathy). Recurrent mixed calcium oxalate kidney stones if hyperuricosuria. Increased production of urate due to enzyme disorders. Prevention of acute kidney disease in cytostatic and radiotherapy of tumors and leukemia, as well as full medical starvation.
Dosage and administration
The dosing regimen of Apurin is set individually under the control of concentrations of urate and uric acid in blood and urine. The ora ldose for adults is 100-900 mg / day depending on the severity of the disease. The frequency of admission is 2-4 times / day after a meal. For children under the age of 15 years - 10-20 mg / kg / day or 100-400 mg / day.
Maximum doses: if renal dysfunction (including due to urate nephropathy) - 100 mg / day. Increasing the dose is possible when on the background of the therapy remains an increased concentration of urate in the blood and urine.
Apurin (Allopurinol) side effects, adverse reactions
Cardio-vascular system: in single cases - hypertension, bradycardia.
Digestive system: possible dyspepsia (including nausea, vomiting), diarrhea, transient increase of transaminases in blood serum; rarely - hepatitis, in single cases - stomatitis, liver function (transient increase of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase), steatorrhea.
CNS and peripheral nervous system: in single cases - weakness, fatigue, headache, dizziness, ataxia, drowsiness, depression, coma, paresis, paresthesia, seizures, neuropathy, visual impairment, cataracts, changes in the papilla of the optic nerve, disorders of taste sensations.
Hemopoietic system: in some cases - thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia, leukopenia (most likely in patients with impaired renal function).
Urinary system: rarely - interstitial nephritis, in single cases - edema, uremia, hematuria.
Endocrine system: in single cases - sterility, impotence, gynecomastia, diabetes.
Metabolism: in single cases - hyperlipidemia.
Allergic reactions: skin rash, redness, itching; in some cases - angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, fever, eosinophilia, fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome.
Dermatological reactions: in rare cases - furunculosis, alopecia, discoloration of hair.
Apurin contraindications
Pronounced liver function and / or renal disease, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to Apurin (Allopurinol).
Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Apurin is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding).
Category effects on the fetus by FDA - C.
Special instructions
It is necessary to maintain urine output of at least 2 liters a day and a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction of urine, because it prevents the precipitation of urate and the formation of concretions. You should not begin therapy with Apurin (Allopurinol) until complete relief of acute attack of gout; during the first month of treatment is recommended prophylactic administration of NSAIDs or colchicine; in the case of an acute attack of gout during therapy was added to the anti-inflammatory drugs. If impaired renal and liver function (increased risk of side effects), the dose is decreased. First 6-8 weeks of treatment need regular liver function tests, and blood diseases require regular laboratory monitoring.
When a skin rash this drug is overturned, after the disappearance of the not copious rash there are possible a reappointment of the drug in its treatment of relapsed immediately terminate.
Use of azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine on the background of Apurin (Allopurinol) permits a 4-fold reduction in their doses. This medication combined with a care with vidarabine.
Apurin drug interactions
With the simultaneous administration Apurin (Allopurinol) increases the effect of coumarin anticoagulants, adenine arabinoside, as well as hypoglycemic agents (especially if renal impairment).
Uricosuric medicines and salicylates in high doses reduce the activity of Apurin (Allopurinol) Biogaran.
With the simultaneous administration of Apurin (Allopurinol) and cytostatics there is often manifested myelotoxic effect than when applied separatively.
With the simultaneous administration of this drug and azathioprine or mercaptopurine it is observed accumulation of the latter in the body, because in connection with the activity of xanthine oxidase inhibition with Apurin (Allopurinol) necessary to biotransformation of drugs, slowing their metabolism and elimination.
Apurin in case of emergency / overdose
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, oliguria.
Treatment: forced diuresis, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Allopurinol Sodium:
Pharmacological action
Apurin is a medication that violates the synthesis of uric acid. This drug is a structural analog of hypoxanthine. It inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is involved in the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. This is due to decrease in the concentration of uric acid and its salts in body fluids and urine, which helps dissolve existing uric acid deposits and prevents their formation in tissues and kidney. Apurin (Allopurinol Sodium) increases urinary excretion of hypoxanthine and xanthine.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration Apurin (Allopurinol Sodium) is almost entirely (90%) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. This medication is metabolized to form alloxantin, which retains the ability to sufficiently long to inhibit xanthine oxidase. Cmax of Apurin (Allopurinol Sodium) in the blood plasma is reached after an average of 1.5 h, alloxantin - in 4.5 h after a single dose.
T1/2 of Apurin (Allopurinol Sodium) is 1-2 hours, alloxantin - about 15 hours. About 20% of the administered dose is excreted through the intestines and the rest by kidneys.
Why is Apurin prescribed?
Treatment and prevention of gout and hyperuricemia different genesis (including in conjunction with nephrolithiasis, renal failure, uric acid nephropathy). Recurrent mixed calcium oxalate kidney stones if hyperuricosuria. Increased production of urate due to enzyme disorders. Prevention of acute kidney disease in cytostatic and radiotherapy of tumors and leukemia, as well as full medical starvation.
Dosage and administration
The dosing regimen of Apurin is set individually under the control of concentrations of urate and uric acid in blood and urine. The ora ldose for adults is 100-900 mg / day depending on the severity of the disease. The frequency of admission is 2-4 times / day after a meal. For children under the age of 15 years - 10-20 mg / kg / day or 100-400 mg / day.
Maximum doses: if renal dysfunction (including due to urate nephropathy) - 100 mg / day. Increasing the dose is possible when on the background of the therapy remains an increased concentration of urate in the blood and urine.
Apurin (Allopurinol Sodium) side effects, adverse reactions
Cardio-vascular system: in single cases - hypertension, bradycardia.
Digestive system: possible dyspepsia (including nausea, vomiting), diarrhea, transient increase of transaminases in blood serum; rarely - hepatitis, in single cases - stomatitis, liver function (transient increase of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase), steatorrhea.
CNS and peripheral nervous system: in single cases - weakness, fatigue, headache, dizziness, ataxia, drowsiness, depression, coma, paresis, paresthesia, seizures, neuropathy, visual impairment, cataracts, changes in the papilla of the optic nerve, disorders of taste sensations.
Hemopoietic system: in some cases - thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia, leukopenia (most likely in patients with impaired renal function).
Urinary system: rarely - interstitial nephritis, in single cases - edema, uremia, hematuria.
Endocrine system: in single cases - sterility, impotence, gynecomastia, diabetes.
Metabolism: in single cases - hyperlipidemia.
Allergic reactions: skin rash, redness, itching; in some cases - angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, fever, eosinophilia, fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome.
Dermatological reactions: in rare cases - furunculosis, alopecia, discoloration of hair.
Apurin contraindications
Pronounced liver function and / or renal disease, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to Apurin (Allopurinol Sodium).
Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Apurin is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding).
Category effects on the fetus by FDA - C.
Special instructions
It is necessary to maintain urine output of at least 2 liters a day and a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction of urine, because it prevents the precipitation of urate and the formation of concretions. You should not begin therapy with Apurin (Allopurinol Sodium) until complete relief of acute attack of gout; during the first month of treatment is recommended prophylactic administration of NSAIDs or colchicine; in the case of an acute attack of gout during therapy was added to the anti-inflammatory drugs. If impaired renal and liver function (increased risk of side effects), the dose is decreased. First 6-8 weeks of treatment need regular liver function tests, and blood diseases require regular laboratory monitoring.
When a skin rash this drug is overturned, after the disappearance of the not copious rash there are possible a reappointment of the drug in its treatment of relapsed immediately terminate.
Use of azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine on the background of Apurin (Allopurinol Sodium) permits a 4-fold reduction in their doses. This medication combined with a care with vidarabine.
Apurin drug interactions
With the simultaneous administration Apurin (Allopurinol Sodium) increases the effect of coumarin anticoagulants, adenine arabinoside, as well as hypoglycemic agents (especially if renal impairment).
Uricosuric medicines and salicylates in high doses reduce the activity of Apurin (Allopurinol Sodium) Biogaran.
With the simultaneous administration of Apurin (Allopurinol Sodium) and cytostatics there is often manifested myelotoxic effect than when applied separatively.
With the simultaneous administration of this drug and azathioprine or mercaptopurine it is observed accumulation of the latter in the body, because in connection with the activity of xanthine oxidase inhibition with Apurin (Allopurinol Sodium) necessary to biotransformation of drugs, slowing their metabolism and elimination.
Apurin in case of emergency / overdose
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, oliguria.
Treatment: forced diuresis, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Apurin pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:
Apurin available forms, composition, doses:
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.