Amoxicillin

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Amoxicillin uses


Pharmacological action

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic of group semisynthetic penicillins a wide spectrum of action. It is a 4-hydroxyl analog of ampicillin. It has bactericidal action. Amoxicillin is active against aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp; aerobic gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae, Neisseria Meningitidis, Escherichia Coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp.

Microorganisms producing penicillinase is resistant to Amoxicillin.

In combination with metronidazole Amoxicillin is active against Helicobacter Pylori. It is believed that inhibits the development of Amoxicillin resistance of Helicobacter pylori to metronidazole.

There is a cross-resistance between amoxycillin and ampicillin.

The spectrum of antibacterial action while expanding the application of Amoxicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. This combination increased the activity of Amoxicillin against Bacteroides spp., Legionella spp., Nocardia spp., Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) Pseudomallei. However, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Serratia Marcescens, and many other gram-bacteria are resistant.

Pharmacokinetics

When Amoxicillin administered orally Amoxicillin rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is not destroyed in the acidic environment of the stomach. Cmax of Amoxicillin in the blood plasma is reached after 1-2 h. When increasing doses of 2 times the concentration also increased by 2 times. In the presence of food in the stomach does not reduce the overall removals. Similar concentrations of Amoxicillin reached in the blood when administered orally, IV and IM.

The binding of Amoxicillin to plasma proteins is about 20%.

Widely distributed in tissues and body fluids. Reported high concentrations of Amoxicillin in the liver.

T1/2 from the plasma is 1-1.5 h. About 60% of the dose adopted by mouth, is excreted unchanged in the urine by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion, with a dose of 250 mg of Amoxicillin concentration in urine exceeds 300 micrograms / ml. A number of Amoxicillin is determined in feces.

T1/2 for Newborns and the elderly can be longer.

In renal insufficiency T1/2 may be 7-20 hours.

In small quantities Amoxicillin penetrates through BBB in inflammation of the pia mater.

Amoxicillin is removed by hemodialysis.

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Why is Amoxicillin prescribed?

For use Amoxicillin as monotherapy and in combination with clavulanic acid: an infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by susceptible microorganisms, including bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, gynecological infections, infections of the skin and soft tissue, listeria, leptospirosis, gonorrhea.

For use Amoxicillin in combination with metronidazole: chronic gastritis in acute, peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer in acute, associated with Helicobacter Pylori.

Dosage and administration

Individual. For oral single dose for adults and children over 10 years is 250-500 mg, in case of serious illness - up to 1 g. For children aged 5-10 years, a single dose of 250 mg in age from 2 to 5 years - 125 mg for children aged under 2 years of daily dose is 20 mg / kg. For adults and children interval is 8 h. In the treatment of acute uncomplicated gonorrhea - 3 g once (in combination with probenecid). Patients with impaired renal function in creatinine clearance 10-40 ml / min interval between doses should be increased to 12 h and if creatinine clearance is less than 10 ml / min interval between doses should be 24 hours.

When parenteral use in adults IM - 1 g 2 times / day, IV (with normal renal function) - 2.12 g / day. Children IM 50 mg / kg / day, single dose - 500 mg, the frequency of administration - 2 times / day; IV - 100-200 mg / kg / day. Patients with impaired renal function the dose and the interval between the injections need to be adjusted in accordance with the values of creatinine clearance.

Amoxicillin side effects, adverse reactions

Allergic reactions: urticaria, erythema, edema Quincke, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, rarely - fever, joint pain, eosinophilia, in rare cases - anaphylactic shock.

Side effects associated with chemotherapy effect: possible development of super-infection (particularly in patients with chronic diseases or low resistance of the organism).

With prolonged use at high doses: dizziness, ataxia, confusion, depression, peripheral neuropathy, seizures.

Mostly when Amoxicillin used in combination with metronidazole: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, constipation, epigastric pain, glossitis, stomatitis; rarely - hepatitis, pseudomembranous colitis, allergic reactions (urticaria, angioedema), interstitial nephritis, a violation of hematopoiesis.

Mostly when Amoxicillin used in combination with clavulanic acid: cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, rarely - erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis.

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Contraindications

Infectious mononucleosis, lymphatic leukemia, severe gastrointestinal infections, accompanied by diarrhea or vomiting, respiratory viral infection, allergic diathesis, bronchial asthma, hay fever, sensitivity to penicillin and / or cephalosporins.

For use in combination with metronidazole: diseases of the nervous system; hemodyscrasia, lymphocytic leukemia, an infectious mononucleosis; Hypersensitivity to nitroimidazole derivatives.

For use in combination with clavulanic acid: a history of instructions for liver problems and jaundice, associated with the reception of Amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Amoxicillin crosses the placenta, in small amounts excreted in breast milk.

If necessary the use of Amoxicillin during pregnancy should carefully weigh the potential benefits of therapy for the mother and the potential risk to the fetus.

With careful use Amoxicillin during lactation.

Special instructions

With caution used in patients prone to allergic reactions.

Amoxicillin in combination with metronidazole is not recommended to use in patients younger than 18 years should not be used for liver diseases.

In the combined therapy with metronidazole is recommended not to drink alcohol.

Precautionary measures

Treatment must continue 48-72 hours after the disappearance of clinical signs of disease, with streptococcal infections - 10 days.

During the course treatment is necessary to control the state functions of hematopoiesis, liver and kidneys.

Perhaps the development of superinfection due to growth insensitive to the drug microflora. In the case of superinfection requires removal of Amoxicillin and the corresponding change in antibiotic therapy. When treating patients with bacteremia may develop bacteriolysis reaction.

Patients who have an increased sensitivity to penicillin, may be cross-allergic reactions to cephalosporin antibiotics.

In the treatment of mild diarrhea at the background of the treatment should be avoided antidiarrhoeal drugs that reduce intestinal motility; can use kaolin or attapulgite containing antidiarrhoeal stuff. Patients with severe diarrhea should consult a doctor.

With simultaneous use of Amoxicillin and oral contraceptives estrogensoderzhaschih and Amoxicillin should if possible to use additional methods of contraception.

Amoxicillin drug interactions

Amoxicillin may decrease the effectiveness of contraceptives for oral administration.

With the simultaneous use of Amoxicillin with bactericidal antibiotics (including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, cycloserine, vancomycin, rifampicin) appears synergies; with bacteriostatic antibiotic (including macrolides, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, tetracyclines, sulphonamide) - antagonism.

Amoxicillin increases the effects of indirect anticoagulants inhibiting intestinal microflora, reduces the synthesis of vitamin K and prothrombin index.

Amoxicillin reduces the effect of drugs, in the process of metabolism that produce PABA.

Probenecid, diuretics, allopurinol, phenylbutazone, NSAIDs decrease the tubular secretion of Amoxicillin, which can be accompanied by an increase in its concentration in blood plasma.

Antacids, glucosamine, laxatives, aminoglycosides, slow down and reduce, and ascorbic acid increases the absorption of Amoxicillin.

With the combined use of Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid pharmacokinetics of both components unchanged.

Amoxicillin in case of emergency / overdose

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, disruption of water and electrolyte balance (as a result of vomiting and diarrhea); for prolonged use at high doses - neurotoxic reactions and thrombocytopenia (these phenomena are reversible and disappear after drug withdrawal).

Treatment: gastric lavage, the prescription of activated charcoal, saline laxatives, correction of water and electrolyte balance; hemodialysis.

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Amoxicillin pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Amoxicillin available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.

Price
Amoxicillin 125 mg Chew Tabs0.57 USD
Amoxicillin 250 mg Chew Tabs0.47 USD
Amoxicillin 250 mg capsule0.25 USD
Amoxicillin 250 mg/5ml Suspension 150ml Bottle14.0 USD
Amoxicillin 400 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle16.99 USD
Amoxicillin 500 mg capsule0.47 USD
Amoxicillin 500 mg tablet0.5 USD
Amoxicillin 875 mg tablet0.89 USD
Amoxil 200 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle11.99 USD
Amoxil 250 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle12.99 USD
Amoxil 250 mg/5ml Suspension 150ml Bottle12.99 USD
Amoxil 400 mg Chew Tabs1.05 USD
Amoxil 400 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle19.99 USD
Amoxil 400 mg/5ml Suspension 50ml Bottle15.99 USD
Amoxil 400 mg/5ml Suspension 75ml Bottle17.99 USD
Amoxil 50 mg/ml Suspension 30ml Bottle13.99 USD
Amoxil 500 mg capsule0.53 USD
Amoxil 500 mg tablet0.77 USD
Amoxil 875 mg tablet1.13 USD
Apo-Amoxi 25 mg/ml Suspension0.04 USD
Apo-Amoxi 250 mg Capsule0.18 USD
Apo-Amoxi 50 mg/ml Suspension0.06 USD
Apo-Amoxi 500 mg Capsule0.36 USD
Capsules; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 250 mg
Capsules; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 500 mg
Drops; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 100 mg / ml
Granules for Suspension; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 125 mg / 5 ml
Granules for Suspension; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 250 mg / 5 ml
Granules for Suspension; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 250 mg 5 ml
Granules; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 1 g
Mylan-Amoxillin 250 mg Capsule0.18 USD
Mylan-Amoxillin 500 mg Capsule0.36 USD
Novamoxin 125 mg Chewable Tablet0.44 USD
Novamoxin 25 mg/ml Suspension0.04 USD
Novamoxin 250 mg Capsule0.18 USD
Novamoxin 250 mg Chewable Tablet0.64 USD
Novamoxin 50 mg/ml Suspension0.06 USD
Novamoxin 500 mg Capsule0.36 USD
Novamoxin Sugar-Reduced 25 mg/ml Suspension0.04 USD
Novamoxin Sugar-Reduced 50 mg/ml Suspension0.06 USD
Nu-Amoxi 25 mg/ml Suspension0.04 USD
Nu-Amoxi 250 mg Capsule0.18 USD
Nu-Amoxi 50 mg/ml Suspension0.06 USD
Nu-Amoxi 500 mg Capsule0.36 USD
Pms-Amoxicillin 25 mg/ml Suspension0.04 USD
Pms-Amoxicillin 250 mg Capsule0.18 USD
Pms-Amoxicillin 50 mg/ml Suspension0.06 USD
Pms-Amoxicillin 500 mg Capsule0.36 USD
Powder for Solution; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 100 mg / ml
Powder for Suspension; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate
Powder for Suspension; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 125 mg / 5 ml
Powder for Suspension; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 250 mg
Powder for Suspension; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 250 mg / 5 ml
Powder for Suspension; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 500 mg / 5 ml
Suspension; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 125 mg / 5 ml
Suspension; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 250 mg / 5 ml
Tablets, Chewable; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 250 mg
Tablets, Effervescent; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 1 g
Tablets, Film-Coated; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 1 g
Tablets, Film-Coated; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 375 mg
Tablets, Film-Coated; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 500 mg
Tablets, Film-Coated; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 750 mg
Tablets; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 1 g
Tablets; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 100 mg
Tablets; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 250 mg
Tablets; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 375 mg
Tablets; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 500 mg
Tablets; Oral; Amoxicillin Trihydrate 750 mg
Trimox 125 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle11.99 USD
Trimox 125 mg/5ml Suspension 150ml Bottle11.99 USD
Trimox 250 mg/5ml Suspension 80ml Bottle11.99 USD

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Amoxicillin destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Amoxicillin Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Amoxicillin pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."AMOXIL (AMOXICILLIN) TABLET [DIRECT RX]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. Dailymed."AMOXICILLIN; CLAVULANATE POTASSIUM: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. "amoxicillin". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Amoxicillin?

Depending on the reaction of the Amoxicillin after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Amoxicillin not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Amoxicillin addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Amoxicillin, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Amoxicillin consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

Visitor reports

Two visitors reported useful

How is the drug Amoxicillin useful in reducing or relieving the symptoms? How useful is it?
According to the survey conducted by the website sdrugs.com, there are variable results and below are the percentages of the users that say the medicine is useful to them and that say it is not helping them much. It is not ideal to continue taking the medication if you feel it is not helping you much. Contact your healthcare provider to check if there is a need to change the medicine or if there is a need to re-evaluate your condition. The usefulness of the medicine may vary from patient to patient, depending on the other diseases he is suffering from and slightly depends on the brand name.
Visitors%
Useful2
100.0%

Two visitors reported side effects

Did you get side effects while taking the Amoxicillin drug, or were there no side effects?
According to the survey conducted by website sdrugs.com users, the below-mentioned percentages indicate the number of people experiencing the side effects and the number of people not experiencing the side effects when taking Amoxicillin medicine. Every drug produces minimal side effects, and they are negligible most times, when compared to the desired effect [use] of the medicine. Side effects depend on the dose you are taking, any drug interactions that happen when you are on other medications, if the patient is sensitive, and other associated conditions. If you cannot tolerate the side effects, consult your doctor immediately, so he can either adjust the dose or change the medication.
Visitors%
It has side effects1
50.0%
No side effects1
50.0%

Visitor reported price estimates

No survey data has been collected yet

Seven visitors reported frequency of use

How often in a day do you take the medicine?
Are you taking the Amoxicillin drug as prescribed by the doctor?

Few medications can be taken Once in a day more than prescribed when the doctor's advice mentions the medicine can be taken according to frequency or severity of symptoms. Most times, be very careful and clear about the number of times you are taking the medication. The report of sdrugs.com website users about the frequency of taking the drug Amoxicillin is mentioned below.
Visitors%
Once in a day3
42.9%
3 times in a day2
28.6%
4 times in a day1
14.3%
Twice in a day1
14.3%

Seven visitors reported doses

What is the dose of Amoxicillin drug you are taking?
According to the survey conducted among sdrugs.com website users, the maximum number of people are using the following dose 201-500mg. Few medications come in only one or two doses. Few are specific for adult dose and child dose. The dose of the medicine given to the patient depends on the severity of the symptom/disease. There can be dose adjustments made by the doctor, based on the progression of the disease. Follow-up is important.
Visitors%
201-500mg6
85.7%
501mg-1g1
14.3%

Three visitors reported time for results

What is the time duration Amoxicillin drug must be taken for it to be effective or for it to reduce the symptoms?
Most chronic conditions need at least some time so the dose and the drug action gets adjusted to the body to get the desired effect. The stastistics say sdrugs.com website users needed 2 days to notice the result from using Amoxicillin drug. The time needed to show improvement in health condition after using the medicine Amoxicillin need not be same for all the users. It varies based on other factors.
Visitors%
2 days1
33.3%
3 days1
33.3%
5 days1
33.3%

Three visitors reported administration

The drugs are administered in various routes, like oral or injection form. They are administered before food or after food. How are you taking Amoxicillin drug, before food or after food?
Click here to find out how other users of our website are taking it. For any doubts or queries on how and when the medicine is administered, contact your health care provider immediately.
Visitors%
Before food2
66.7%
Empty stomach1
33.3%

Four visitors reported age

Visitors%
30-452
50.0%
1-51
25.0%
46-601
25.0%

Visitor reviews


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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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