|
|||
|
DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
|
Isentress
How old is patient? |
Isentress uses
- Indications and usage
- Dosage and administration
- Dosage forms and strengths
- Contraindications
- Warnings and precautions
- Adverse reactions
- Drug interactions
- Use in specific populations
- Overdosage
- Description
- Clinical pharmacology
- Nonclinical toxicology
- Clinical studies
- How supplied/storage and handling
- Patient counseling information
- Instructions for use
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Adult Patients:
Isentress and Isentress HD are human immunodeficiency virus integrase strand transfer inhibitors (HIV-1 INSTI) indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adult patients. (1)
Pediatric Patients:
Isentress is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in pediatric patients 4 weeks of age and older. (1)
Isentress HD is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in pediatric patients weighing at least 40 kg. (1)
Adult Patients:
ISENTRESS® and ISENTRESS® HD are indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in adult patients.
Pediatric Patients:
Isentress is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in pediatric patients 4 weeks of age and older.
Isentress HD is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in pediatric patients weighing at least 40 kg.
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Isentress and Isentress HD can be administered with or without food.
Do not substitute Isentress chewable tablets or Isentress for oral suspension for the Isentress 400 mg or 600 mg film-coated tablet.
Adults
- Treatment-naïve patients or patients who are virologically suppressed on an initial regimen of Isentress 400 mg twice daily:
- 1200 mg (2 × 600 mg) film-coated tablet orally, once daily or
- 400 mg film-coated tablet orally, twice daily (2.2).
- Treatment experienced:
- 400 mg film-coated tablet orally, twice daily (2.2).
- During coadministration with rifampin in adults, 800 mg (2 × 400 mg) twice daily (2.1).
Pediatrics
- If weighing at least 40 kg, and either
- treatment-naïve patients or
- patients who are virologically suppressed on an initial regimen of Isentress 400 mg twice daily:
- 1200 mg (2 × 600 mg) film-coated tablet orally, once daily or
- 400 mg film-coated tablet orally, twice daily or
- 300 mg chewable tablets, twice daily (2.3).
- If weighing at least 25 kg: One 400 mg film-coated tablet orally, twice daily. If unable to swallow a tablet, consider the chewable tablet, as specified in Table 2 (2.3).
- If weighing at least 3 kg to less than 25 kg: Weight based dosing, as specified in Table 2. For patients weighing between 11 and 20 kg, either the chewable tablet or the formulation for oral suspension can be used, as specified in Table 2 (2.3).
2.1 General Dosing Recommendations
- Because the formulations have different pharmacokinetic profiles, do not substitute Isentress chewable tablets or Isentress for oral suspension for the Isentress 400 mg film-coated tablet or the Isentress HD 600 mg film-coated tablet. See specific dosing guidance for chewable tablets and the formulation for oral suspension.
- Because the extent to which Isentress may be dialyzable is unknown, dosing before a dialysis session should be avoided .
- Isentress film-coated tablets must be swallowed whole.
- Isentress chewable tablets may be chewed or swallowed whole. Maximum daily dose is 300 mg taken by mouth twice daily.
- Isentress for oral suspension:
- Pour packet contents of Isentress for oral suspension into 5 mL of water and mix. Each single-use packet for oral suspension contains 100 mg of Isentress which is suspended in 5 mL of water giving a final concentration of 20 mg per mL. Maximum daily dose is 100 mg taken by mouth twice daily.
- Once mixed, measure the recommended volume (dose) of suspension with a syringe and administer the dose orally. The dose of suspension should be administered orally within 30 minutes of mixing.
- Discard any remaining suspension.
- For more details on preparation and administration of the suspension, see Instructions for Use .
2.2 Adults
The recommended adult dosage of Isentress film-coated tablets is displayed in Table 1. Isentress and Isentress HD should be taken by mouth and may be taken with or without food .
| Population | Recommended Dose |
|---|---|
| Treatment-naïve patients or patients who are virologically suppressed on an initial regimen of Isentress 400 mg twice daily | 1200 mg (2 × 600mg) once daily or 400 mg twice daily |
| Treatment-experienced | 400 mg twice daily |
| Treatment-naïve or treatment-experienced when coadministered with rifampin [see Drug Interactions (7.1)] | 800 mg (2 × 400 mg) twice daily |
2.3 Pediatrics
The recommended pediatric dosage of Isentress is displayed in Table 2. Isentress film-coated tablets, chewable tablets and for oral suspension should be taken by mouth and may be taken with or without food .
| Recommended Pediatric Dosage and Formulation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population/Weight | Film-Coated Tablets 400 mg | Film-Coated Tablets 600 mg | Chewable Tablets 100 mg and 25 mg | For Oral Suspension 100 mg |
If at least 40 kg and either
| 400 mg twice daily | 1200 mg (2 × 600mg) once daily | 300 mg twice daily | NA |
| If at least 25 kg | 400 mg twice daily | NA | Weight-based dosing twice daily | NA |
| If at least 4 weeks of age and weighing 3 kg to less than 25 kg | NA | NA | Weight-based dosing twice daily | Weight-based dosing twice daily up to 20 kg |
| Body Weight (kg) | Dose | Number of Chewable Tablets |
|---|---|---|
| 25 to less than 28 | 150 mg twice daily | 1.5 × 100 mg |
| 28 to less than 40 | 200 mg twice daily | 2 × 100 mg twice daily |
| At least 40 | 300 mg twice daily | 3 × 100 mg twice daily |
| Body Weight (kg) | Volume (Dose) of Suspension to be Administered | Number of Chewable Tablets |
|---|---|---|
| Note: The chewable tablets are available as 25 mg and 100 mg tablets. | ||
| Patients can remain on Isentress for oral suspension formulation as long as their weight is below 20 kg. | ||
| 3 to less than 4 | 1 mL (20 mg) twice daily | |
| 4 to less than 6 | 1.5 mL (30 mg) twice daily | |
| 6 to less than 8 | 2 mL (40 mg) twice daily | |
| 8 to less than 11 | 3 mL (60 mg) twice daily | |
| 11 to less than 14 | 4 mL (80 mg) twice daily | 3 × 25 mg twice daily |
| 14 to less than 20 | 5 mL (100 mg) twice daily | 1 × 100 mg twice daily |
| 20 to less than 25 | 1.5 × 100 mg | |
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
- Film-coated Tablets
- 400 mg pink, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets with "227" on one side (ISENTRESS).
- 600 mg yellow, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets with Merck logo and "242" on one side and plain on the other side (ISENTRESS HD).
- Chewable Tablets
- 100 mg pale orange, oval-shaped, orange-banana flavored, chewable tablets scored on both sides and imprinted on one face with the Merck logo and "477" on opposite sides of the score.
- 25 mg pale yellow, round, orange-banana flavored, chewable tablets with the Merck logo on one side and "473" on the other side.
- For Oral Suspension
- 100 mg white to off-white, banana flavored, granular powder that may contain yellow or beige to tan particles in a child resistant single-use foil packet.
- Film-Coated Tablets: 400 mg (3).
- Film-Coated Tablets: 600 mg (3).
- Chewable Tablets: 100 mg scored and 25 mg (3).
- For Oral Suspension: Single-use packet of 100 mg (3).
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
None
None (4).
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
- Severe, potentially life-threatening and fatal skin reactions have been reported. This includes cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hypersensitivity reaction and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Immediately discontinue treatment with Isentress or Isentress HD and other suspect agents if severe hypersensitivity, severe rash, or rash with systemic symptoms or liver aminotransferase elevations develops and monitor clinical status, including liver aminotransferases closely.
- Monitor for Immune Reconstitution Syndrome (5.2).
- Inform patients with phenylketonuria that the 100 mg and 25 mg chewable tablets contain phenylalanine (5.3).
5.1 Severe Skin and Hypersensitivity Reactions
Severe, potentially life-threatening, and fatal skin reactions have been reported. These include cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Hypersensitivity reactions have also been reported and were characterized by rash, constitutional findings, and sometimes, organ dysfunction, including hepatic failure. Discontinue Isentress or Isentress HD and other suspect agents immediately if signs or symptoms of severe skin reactions or hypersensitivity reactions develop (including, but not limited to, severe rash or rash accompanied by fever, general malaise, fatigue, muscle or joint aches, blisters, oral lesions, conjunctivitis, facial edema, hepatitis, eosinophilia, angioedema). Clinical status including liver aminotransferases should be monitored and appropriate therapy initiated. Delay in stopping Isentress or Isentress HD treatment or other suspect agents after the onset of severe rash may result in a life-threatening reaction.
5.2 Immune Reconstitution Syndrome
Immune reconstitution syndrome has been reported in patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy, including Isentress. During the initial phase of combination antiretroviral treatment, patients whose immune systems respond may develop an inflammatory response to indolent or residual opportunistic infections, which may necessitate further evaluation and treatment.
Autoimmune disorders (such as Graves' disease, polymyositis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome) have also been reported to occur in the setting of immune reconstitution; however, the time to onset is more variable, and can occur many months after initiation of treatment.
5.3 Phenylketonurics
Isentress Chewable Tablets contain phenylalanine, a component of aspartame. Each 25 mg Isentress Chewable Tablet contains approximately 0.05 mg phenylalanine. Each 100 mg Isentress Chewable Tablet contains approximately 0.10 mg phenylalanine. Phenylalanine can be harmful to patients with phenylketonuria.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
- The most common adverse reactions of moderate to severe intensity are insomnia, headache, dizziness, nausea and fatigue (6.1).
- Creatine kinase elevations were observed in subjects who received Isentress or Isentress HD. Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis have been reported. Use with caution in patients at increased risk of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis, such as patients receiving concomitant medications known to cause these conditions and patients with a history of rhabdomyolysis, myopathy or increased serum creatine kinase (6.2).
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., at 1-877-888-4231 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
Treatment-Naïve Adults
The safety of Isentress was evaluated in HIV-infected treatment-naïve subjects in 2 Phase III studies: STARTMRK evaluated Isentress 400 mg twice daily versus efavirenz, both in combination with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and ONCEMRK evaluated Isentress HD 1200 mg (2 × 600 mg) once daily versus Isentress 400 mg twice daily, both in combination with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Safety data from these two studies are presented side-by-side in Tables 5 and 6 to simplify presentation; direct comparisons across trials should not be made due to differing duration of follow-up and study design.
STARTMRK (ISENTRESS 400 mg twice daily)
In STARTMRK, subjects received Isentress 400 mg twice daily (N=281) or efavirenz (EFV) 600 mg at bedtime (N=282) both in combination with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, (N=282). During double-blind treatment, the total follow-up for subjects receiving Isentress 400 mg twice daily + emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was 1104 patient-years and 1036 patient-years for subjects receiving efavirenz 600 mg at bedtime + emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
In STARTMRK, the rate of discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events through Week 240 was 5% in subjects receiving Isentress + emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and 10% in subjects receiving efavirenz + emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
ONCEMRK (ISENTRESS HD 1200 mg [2 × 600 mg] once daily)
In ONCEMRK, subjects received Isentress HD 1200 mg once daily (n=531) or Isentress 400 mg twice daily (n=266) both in combination with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. During double-blind treatment, the total follow-up for subjects with Isentress HD 1200 mg once daily was 516 patient-years and for Isentress 400 mg twice daily was 258 patient-years.
In ONCEMRK, the rate of discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events through Week 48 was 1% in subjects receiving Isentress HD 1200 mg (2 × 600 mg) once daily and 2% in subjects receiving Isentress 400 mg twice daily.
Clinical adverse reactions of moderate to severe intensity occurring in ≥2% of treatment-naïve subjects treated with Isentress 400 mg twice daily or efavirenz in STARTMRK through Week 240 or Isentress HD 1200 mg once daily or Isentress 400 mg twice daily in ONCEMRK through Week 48 are presented in Table 5.
In STARTMRK, clinical adverse reactions of all intensities (mild, moderate and severe) occurring in ≥2% of subjects on Isentress 400 mg twice daily through Week 240 also include diarrhea, flatulence, asthenia, decreased appetite, abnormal dreams, depression and nightmare. In ONCEMRK, clinical adverse reactions of all intensities (mild, moderate and severe) occurring in ≥2% of subjects on Isentress HD or Isentress 400 mg twice daily through Week 48 also include abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and decreased appetite.
| System Organ Class, Preferred Term | STARTMRK Week 240 | ONCEMRK Week 48 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily (N= 281) | Efavirenz 600 mg At Bedtime (N= 282) | Isentress HD 1200 mg Once Daily (N=531) | Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily (N=266) | |
| Note: Isentress BID, Isentress HD and efavirenz were administered with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | ||||
| N= total number of subjects per treatment group | ||||
| Headache | 4% | 5% | 1% | <1% |
| Insomnia | 4% | 4% | <1% | <1% |
| Nausea | 3% | 4% | 1% | 0% |
| Dizziness | 2% | 6% | <1% | 0% |
| Fatigue | 2% | 3% | 0% | 0% |
Laboratory Abnormalities
The percentages of adult subjects with selected Grade 2 to 4 laboratory abnormalities (that represent a worsening Grade from baseline) who were treated with Isentress 400 mg twice daily or efavirenz in STARTMRK or Isentress HD 1200 mg once daily or Isentress 400 mg twice daily in ONCEMRK are presented in Table 6.
| STARTMRK Week 240 | ONCEMRK Week 48 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laboratory Parameter Preferred Term (Unit) | Limit | Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily (N = 281) | Efavirenz 600 mg At Bedtime (N = 282) | Isentress HD 1200 mg Once Daily (N=531) | Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily (N=266) |
| ULN = Upper limit of normal range | |||||
| Notes: Isentress BID, Isentress HD and Efavirenz were administered with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | |||||
| Hematology | |||||
| Absolute neutrophil count (103/µL) | |||||
| Grade 2 | 0.75 - 0.999 | 3% | 5% | 1% | 1% |
| Grade 3 | 0.50 - 0.749 | 3% | 1% | 1% | 1% |
| Grade 4 | <0.50 | 1% | 1% | 0% | 0% |
| Hemoglobin (gm/dL) | |||||
| Grade 2 | 7.5 - 8.4 | 1% | 1% | 0% | 0% |
| Grade 3 | 6.5 - 7.4 | 1% | 1% | 0% | 0% |
| Grade 4 | <6.5 | <1% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Platelet count (103/µL) | |||||
| Grade 2 | 50 - 99.999 | 1% | 0% | 1% | <1% |
| Grade 3 | 25 - 49.999 | <1% | <1% | 0% | 0% |
| Grade 4 | <25 | 0% | 0% | 0% | <1% |
| Blood chemistry | |||||
| Fasting (non-random) serum glucose test (mg/dL) | |||||
| Grade 2 | 126 - 250 | 7% | 6% | - | - |
| Grade 3 | 251 - 500 | 2% | 1% | - | - |
| Grade 4 | >500 | 0% | 0% | - | - |
| Total serum bilirubin | |||||
| Grade 2 | 1.6 - 2.5 × ULN | 5% | <1% | 1% | 1% |
| Grade 3 | 2.6 - 5.0 × ULN | 1% | 0% | 1% | 0% |
| Grade 4 | >5.0 × ULN | <1% | 0% | <1% | 0% |
| Creatinine | |||||
| Grade 2 | 1.4-1.8 × ULN | 1% | 1% | 0% | <1% |
| Grade 3 | 1.9-3.4 × ULN | 0% | <1% | 0% | 0% |
| Grade 4 | ≥3.5 × ULN | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Serum aspartate aminotransferase | |||||
| Grade 2 | 2.6 - 5.0 × ULN | 8% | 10% | 3% | 2% |
| Grade 3 | 5.1 - 10.0 × ULN | 5% | 3% | 1% | <1% |
| Grade 4 | >10.0 × ULN | 1% | <1% | <1% | 0% |
| Serum alanine aminotransferase | |||||
| Grade 2 | 2.6 - 5.0 × ULN | 11% | 12% | 3% | 1% |
| Grade 3 | 5.1 - 10.0 × ULN | 2% | 2% | 1% | <1% |
| Grade 4 | >10.0 × ULN | 2% | 1% | <1% | 0% |
| Serum alkaline phosphatase | |||||
| Grade 2 | 2.6 - 5.0 × ULN | 1% | 3% | 1% | 0% |
| Grade 3 | 5.1 - 10.0 × ULN | 0% | 1% | 0% | 0% |
| Grade 4 | >10.0 × ULN | <1% | <1% | 0% | 0% |
| Lipase | |||||
| Grade 2 | 1.6-3.0 x ULN | - | - | 5% | 5% |
| Grade 3 | 3.1-5.0 × ULN | - | - | 2% | <1% |
| Grade 4 | >5.0 × ULN | - | - | 1% | 0% |
| Creatine kinase | |||||
| Grade 2 | 6.0-9.9 × ULN | - | - | 3% | 2% |
| Grade 3 | 10.0-19.9 × ULN | - | - | 1% | 3% |
| Grade 4 | ≥20.0 × ULN | - | - | 2% | 2% |
Lipids, Change from Baseline
Changes from baseline in fasting lipids are shown in Table 7.
| Laboratory Parameter Preferred Term | Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily + Emtricitabine (+) Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate N = 207 | Efavirenz 600 mg At Bedtime + Emtricitabine (+) Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate N = 187 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline at Week 240 | Change from Baseline at Week 240 | |||||
| Baseline Mean | Week 240 Mean | Mean Change | Baseline Mean | Week 240 Mean | Mean Change | |
| (mg/dL) | (mg/dL) | (mg/dL) | (mg/dL) | (mg/dL) | (mg/dL) | |
| Notes: N = total number of subjects per treatment group with at least one lipid test result available. The analysis is based on all available data. If subjects initiated or increased serum lipid-reducing agents, the last available lipid values prior to the change in therapy were used in the analysis. If the missing data was due to other reasons, subjects were censored thereafter for the analysis. At baseline, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 5% of subjects in the group receiving Isentress and 3% in the efavirenz group. Through Week 240, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 9% of subjects in the group receiving Isentress and 15% in the efavirenz group. | ||||||
| LDL-Cholesterol | 96 | 106 | 10 | 93 | 118 | 25 |
| HDL-Cholesterol | 38 | 44 | 6 | 38 | 51 | 13 |
| Total Cholesterol | 159 | 175 | 16 | 157 | 201 | 44 |
| Triglyceride | 128 | 130 | 2 | 141 | 178 | 37 |
Treatment-Experienced Adults
The safety assessment of Isentress in treatment-experienced subjects is based on the pooled safety data from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, BENCHMRK 1 and BENCHMRK 2 in antiretroviral treatment-experienced HIV-1 infected adult subjects. A total of 462 subjects received the recommended dose of Isentress 400 mg twice daily in combination with optimized background therapy (OBT) compared to 237 subjects taking placebo in combination with OBT. The median duration of therapy in these trials was 96 weeks for subjects receiving Isentress and 38 weeks for subjects receiving placebo. The total exposure to Isentress was 708 patient-years versus 244 patient-years on placebo. The rates of discontinuation due to adverse events were 4% in subjects receiving Isentress and 5% in subjects receiving placebo.
Clinical ADRs were considered by investigators to be causally related to Isentress + OBT or placebo + OBT. Clinical ADRs of moderate to severe intensity occurring in ≥2% of subjects treated with Isentress and occurring at a higher rate compared to placebo are presented in Table 8.
| System Organ Class, Adverse Reactions | Randomized Studies BENCHMRK 1 and BENCHMRK 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily + OBT (n = 462) | Placebo + OBT (n = 237) | |
| Nervous System Disorders | ||
| n=total number of subjects per treatment group. | ||
| Headache | 2% | <1% |
Laboratory Abnormalities
The percentages of adult subjects treated with Isentress 400 mg twice daily or placebo in Studies BENCHMRK 1 and BENCHMRK 2 with selected Grade 2 to 4 laboratory abnormalities representing a worsening Grade from baseline are presented in Table 9.
| Randomized Studies BENCHMRK 1 and BENCHMRK 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Laboratory Parameter Preferred Term (Unit) | Limit | Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily + OBT (N = 462) | Placebo + OBT (N = 237) |
| ULN = Upper limit of normal range | |||
| Hematology | |||
| Absolute neutrophil count (103/µL) | |||
| Grade 2 | 0.75 - 0.999 | 4% | 5% |
| Grade 3 | 0.50 - 0.749 | 3% | 3% |
| Grade 4 | <0.50 | 1% | <1% |
| Hemoglobin (gm/dL) | |||
| Grade 2 | 7.5 - 8.4 | 1% | 3% |
| Grade 3 | 6.5 - 7.4 | 1% | 1% |
| Grade 4 | <6.5 | <1% | 0% |
| Platelet count (103/µL) | |||
| Grade 2 | 50 - 99.999 | 3% | 5% |
| Grade 3 | 25 - 49.999 | 1% | <1% |
| Grade 4 | <25 | 1% | <1% |
| Blood chemistry | |||
| Fasting (non-random) serum glucose test (mg/dL) | |||
| Grade 2 | 126 - 250 | 10% | 7% |
| Grade 3 | 251 - 500 | 3% | 1% |
| Grade 4 | >500 | 0% | 0% |
| Total serum bilirubin | |||
| Grade 2 | 1.6 - 2.5 × ULN | 6% | 3% |
| Grade 3 | 2.6 - 5.0 × ULN | 3% | 3% |
| Grade 4 | >5.0 × ULN | 1% | 0% |
| Serum aspartate aminotransferase | |||
| Grade 2 | 2.6 - 5.0 × ULN | 9% | 7% |
| Grade 3 | 5.1 - 10.0 × ULN | 4% | 3% |
| Grade 4 | >10.0 × ULN | 1% | 1% |
| Serum alanine aminotransferase | |||
| Grade 2 | 2.6 - 5.0 × ULN | 9% | 9% |
| Grade 3 | 5.1 - 10.0 × ULN | 4% | 2% |
| Grade 4 | >10.0 × ULN | 1% | 2% |
| Serum alkaline phosphatase | |||
| Grade 2 | 2.6 - 5.0 × ULN | 2% | <1% |
| Grade 3 | 5.1 - 10.0 × ULN | <1% | 1% |
| Grade 4 | >10.0 × ULN | 1% | <1% |
| Serum pancreatic amylase test | |||
| Grade 2 | 1.6 - 2.0 × ULN | 2% | 1% |
| Grade 3 | 2.1 - 5.0 × ULN | 4% | 3% |
| Grade 4 | >5.0 × ULN | <1% | <1% |
| Serum lipase test | |||
| Grade 2 | 1.6 - 3.0 × ULN | 5% | 4% |
| Grade 3 | 3.1 - 5.0 × ULN | 2% | 1% |
| Grade 4 | >5.0 × ULN | 0% | 0% |
| Serum creatine kinase | |||
| Grade 2 | 6.0 - 9.9 × ULN | 2% | 2% |
| Grade 3 | 10.0 - 19.9 × ULN | 4% | 3% |
| Grade 4 | ≥20.0 × ULN | 3% | 1% |
Less Common Adverse Reactions Observed in Treatment-Naïve and Treatment-Experienced Studies
The following ADRs occurred in <2% of treatment-naïve or treatment-experienced subjects receiving Isentress or Isentress HD in a combination regimen. These events have been included because of their seriousness, increased frequency compared with efavirenz or placebo, or investigator's assessment of potential causal relationship.
Gastrointestinal Disorders: abdominal pain, gastritis, dyspepsia, vomiting
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: asthenia
Hepatobiliary Disorders: hepatitis
Immune System Disorders: hypersensitivity
Infections and Infestations: genital herpes, herpes zoster
Psychiatric Disorders: depression (particularly in subjects with a pre-existing history of psychiatric illness), including suicidal ideation and behaviors
Renal and Urinary Disorders: nephrolithiasis, renal failure
Selected Adverse Events - Adults
In studies of Isentress 400 mg twice daily, cancers were reported in treatment-experienced subjects who initiated Isentress or placebo, both with OBT, and in treatment-naïve subjects who initiated Isentress or efavirenz, both with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; several were recurrent. The types and rates of specific cancers were those expected in a highly immunodeficient population (many had CD4+ counts below 50 cells/mm3 and most had prior AIDS diagnoses). The risk of developing cancer in these studies was similar in the group receiving Isentress and the group receiving the comparator.
Grade 2-4 creatine kinase laboratory abnormalities were observed in subjects treated with Isentress and Isentress HD. Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis have been reported with Isentress. Use with caution in patients at increased risk of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis, such as patients receiving concomitant medications known to cause these conditions and patients with a history of rhabdomyolysis, myopathy or increased serum creatine kinase.
Rash occurred more commonly in treatment-experienced subjects receiving regimens containing Isentress + darunavir/ritonavir compared to subjects receiving Isentress without darunavir/ritonavir or darunavir/ritonavir without Isentress. However, rash that was considered drug related occurred at similar rates for all three groups. These rashes were mild to moderate in severity and did not limit therapy; there were no discontinuations due to rash.
Patients with Co-existing Conditions - Adults
Patients Co-infected with Hepatitis B and/or Hepatitis C Virus
In Phase III studies of Isentress, patients with chronic (but not acute) active hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus co-infection were permitted to enroll provided that baseline liver function tests did not exceed 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN). In the treatment-experienced studies, BENCHMRK 1 and BENCHMRK 2, 16% of all patients (114/699) were co-infected; in the treatment-naïve studies, STARTMRK and ONCEMRK, 6% (34/563) and 3% (23/797), respectively, were co-infected. In general the safety profile of Isentress in subjects with hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus co-infection was similar to that in subjects without hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus co-infection, although the rates of AST and ALT abnormalities were higher in the subgroup with hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus co-infection for all treatment groups.
At 96 weeks, in treatment-experienced subjects receiving Isentress 400 mg twice daily, Grade 2 or higher laboratory abnormalities that represent a worsening Grade from baseline of AST, ALT or total bilirubin occurred in 29%, 34% and 13%, respectively, of co-infected subjects treated with Isentress as compared to 11%, 10% and 9% of all other subjects treated with Isentress. At 240 weeks, in treatment-naïve subjects receiving Isentress 400 mg twice daily, Grade 2 or higher laboratory abnormalities that represent a worsening Grade from baseline of AST, ALT or total bilirubin occurred in 22%, 44% and 17%, respectively, of co-infected subjects treated with Isentress as compared to 13%, 13% and 5% of all other subjects treated with Isentress.
At 48 weeks, in treatment-naïve subjects receiving Isentress HD 1200 mg (2 × 600 mg) once daily, Grade 2 or higher laboratory abnormalities that represent a worsening Grade from baseline of AST, ALT or total bilirubin occurred in 13%, 33% and 13%, respectively, of co-infected subjects treated with Isentress HD 1200 mg once daily as compared to 4%, 3% and 2% of all other subjects treated with Isentress HD 1200 mg once daily.
Pediatrics
2 to 18 Years of Age
Isentress has been studied in 126 antiretroviral treatment-experienced HIV-1 infected children and adolescents 2 to 18 years of age, in combination with other antiretroviral agents in IMPAACT P1066 . Of the 126 patients, 96 received the recommended dose of Isentress.
In these 96 children and adolescents, frequency, type and severity of drug related adverse reactions through Week 24 were comparable to those observed in adults.
One patient experienced drug related clinical adverse reactions of Grade 3 psychomotor hyperactivity, abnormal behavior and insomnia; one patient experienced a Grade 2 serious drug related allergic rash.
One patient experienced drug related laboratory abnormalities, Grade 4 AST and Grade 3 ALT, which were considered serious.
4 Weeks to less than 2 Years of Age
Isentress has also been studied in 26 HIV-1 infected infants and toddlers 4 weeks to less than 2 years of age, in combination with other antiretroviral agents in IMPAACT P1066 .
In these 26 infants and toddlers, the frequency, type and severity of drug-related adverse reactions through Week 48 were comparable to those observed in adults.
One patient experienced a Grade 3 serious drug-related allergic rash that resulted in treatment discontinuation.
6.2 Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of Isentress. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: thrombocytopenia
Gastrointestinal Disorders: diarrhea
Hepatobiliary Disorders: hepatic failure (with and without associated hypersensitivity) in patients with underlying liver disease and/or concomitant medications
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: rhabdomyolysis
Nervous System Disorders: cerebellar ataxia
Psychiatric Disorders: anxiety, paranoia
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
- Coadministration of Isentress or Isentress HD and other drugs may alter the plasma concentration of Isentress. The potential for drug-drug interactions must be considered prior to and during therapy.
- Coadministration of Isentress or Isentress HD with drugs that are strong inducers of UGT1A1, such as rifampin, may result in reduced plasma concentrations of Isentress (2.1, 7.1).
7.1 Effect of Other Agents on the Pharmacokinetics of Isentress
Isentress is not a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Based on in vivo and in vitro studies, Isentress is eliminated mainly by metabolism via a UGT1A1-mediated glucuronidation pathway. Coadministration of Isentress with drugs that inhibit UGT1A1 may increase plasma levels of Isentress and coadministration of Isentress with drugs that induce UGT1A1, such as rifampin, may reduce plasma levels of Isentress.
Selected drug interactions are presented in Table 10 . In some cases, recommendations differ for Isentress versus Isentress HD.
| Concomitant Drug Class: Drug Name | Effect on Concentration of Isentress | Clinical Comment for Isentress | Clinical Comment for Isentress HD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metal-Containing Antacids | |||
| Aluminum and/or magnesium-containing antacids | ↓ | Coadministration or staggered administration is not recommended. | |
| Calcium carbonate antacid | ↓ | No dose adjustment | Co-administration is not recommended |
| Other Agents | |||
| Rifampin | ↓ | The recommended dosage is 800 mg twice daily during coadministration with rifampin. There are no data to guide co-administration of Isentress with rifampin in patients below 18 years of age . | Coadministration is not recommended. |
| Tipranavir/ritonavir | No dose adjustment | Coadministration is not recommended | |
| Etravirine | ↓ | No dose adjustment | Coadministration is not recommended. |
| Strong inducers of drug metabolizing enzymes not mentioned above e.g., Carbamazepine Phenobarbital Phenytoin | ↓↔ | The impact of other strong inducers of drug metabolizing enzymes on Isentress is unknown. Coadministration is not recommended. | |
7.2 Drugs without Clinically Significant Interactions with Isentress or Isentress HD
Isentress
In drug interaction studies performed using Isentress film-coated tablets 400 mg twice daily dose, Isentress did not have a clinically meaningful effect on the pharmacokinetics of the following: ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate, methadone, midazolam, lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, etravirine, darunavir/ritonavir, or boceprevir. Moreover, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, boceprevir, calcium carbonate antacids, darunavir/ritonavir, efavirenz, etravirine, omeprazole, or tipranavir/ritonavir did not have a clinically meaningful effect on the pharmacokinetics of 400 mg twice daily Isentress. No dose adjustment is required when Isentress 400 mg twice daily is coadministered with these drugs.
Isentress HD
In drug interaction studies, efavirenz did not have a clinically meaningful effect on the pharmacokinetics of Isentress HD 1200 mg (2 × 600 mg) once daily. No dose adjustment is recommended when Isentress HD 1200 mg once daily is coadministered with atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, hormonal contraceptives, methadone, lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, darunavir/ritonavir, boceprevir, efavirenz and omeprazole.
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
Lactation: Women infected with HIV should be instructed not to breastfeed due to the potential for HIV transmission.
8.1 Pregnancy
Pregnancy Exposure Registry
There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) at 1-800-258-4263.
Risk Summary
Available data from the APR show no difference in the rate of overall birth defects for Isentress compared to the background rate for major birth defects of 2.7% in the U.S. reference population of the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) . The rate of miscarriage is not reported in the APR. The estimated background rate of miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies in the U.S. general population is 15-20%. The background risk for major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. Methodological limitations of the APR include the use of MACDP as the external comparator group. The MACDP population is not disease-specific, evaluates women and infants from a limited geographic area, and does not include outcomes for births that occurred at <20 weeks gestation .
In animal reproduction studies in rats and rabbits, no evidence of adverse developmental outcomes was observed with oral administration of Isentress during organogenesis at doses that produced exposures up to approximately 4 times the maximal recommended human dose (MRHD) of 1200 mg .
Data
Human Data
Based on prospective reports from the APR of over 400 exposures to Isentress during pregnancy resulting in live births (including over 200 exposures in the first trimester), there was no difference between the overall risk of birth defects for Isentress compared with the background birth defect rate of 2.7% in the U.S. reference population of the MACDP. The prevalence of defects in live births was 2.8% (95% CI: 1.1% to 5.8%) following first trimester exposure to raltegravir-containing regimens and 3.4% (95% CI: 1.5% to 6.6%) following second and third trimester exposure to raltegravir-containing regimens.
Animal Data
In a combined embryo/fetal and pre/postnatal development study, Isentress was administered orally to rats at doses of 100, 300, 600 mg/kg/day on gestation day 6 to 20 or from gestation day 6 to lactation day 20. No effects on pre/postnatal development were observed up to the highest dose tested. Embryo-fetal findings were limited to an increase in the incidence of supernumerary ribs in the 600 mg/kg/day group. Systemic exposure (AUC) at 600 mg/kg/day was approximately 3 times higher than exposure at the MRHD of 1200 mg.
In pregnant rabbits, Isentress was administered orally at doses of 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day during the gestation days 7 to 20. No embryo/fetal effects were noted up to the highest dose of 1000 mg/kg/day. Systemic exposures (AUC) at 1000 mg/kg/day was approximately 4 times higher than exposures at the MRHD of 1200 mg. In both species, Isentress has been shown to cross the placenta, with fetal plasma concentrations observed in rats approximately 1.5 to 2.5 times greater than in maternal plasma and fetal plasma concentrations in rabbits approximately 2% that of maternal concentrations on gestation day 20.
8.2 Lactation
Risk Summary
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that HIV-1 infected mothers in the United States not breastfeed their infants to avoid risking postnatal transmission of HIV-1 infection. There are no data on the presence of Isentress in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. When administered to lactating rats, Isentress was present in milk . Because of the potential for: 1) HIV transmission, 2) developing viral resistance (in HIV-positive infants), and 3) adverse reactions in a breastfed infant, instruct mothers not to breastfeed if they are receiving ISENTRESS/ISENTRESS HD.
Data
Isentress was excreted into the milk of lactating rats following oral administration (600 mg/kg/day) from gestation day 6 to lactation day 14, with milk concentrations approximately 3 times that of maternal plasma concentrations observed 2 hours postdose on lactation day 14.
8.4 Pediatric Use
The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic profile, and efficacy of twice daily Isentress were evaluated in HIV-1 infected infants, children and adolescents 4 weeks to 18 years of age in an open-label, multicenter clinical trial, IMPAACT P1066 [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) and Clinical Studies (14.3)]. The safety profile was comparable to that observed in adults . See Dosage and Administration (2.3) for dosing recommendations for children 4 weeks of age and older. The safety and dosing information for Isentress have not been established in infants less than 4 weeks of age.
Isentress HD once daily has not been studied in pediatric patients. However population PK modeling and simulation support the use of 1200 mg (2 × 600 mg) once daily in pediatric patients weighing at least 40 kg .
8.5 Geriatric Use
Clinical studies of ISENTRESS/ISENTRESS HD did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger subjects. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
8.6 Use in Patients with Hepatic Impairment
No dosage adjustment of Isentress is necessary for patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. No hepatic impairment study has been conducted with Isentress HD and therefore administration in subjects with hepatic impairment is not recommended. The effect of severe hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of Isentress has not been studied .
8.7 Use in Patients with Renal Impairment
No dosage adjustment of Isentress or Isentress HD is necessary in patients with any degree of renal impairment . The extent to which Isentress may be dialyzable is unknown.
10 OVERDOSAGE
In the event of an overdose, it is reasonable to employ the standard supportive measures, e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the gastrointestinal tract, employ clinical monitoring (including obtaining an electrocardiogram), and institute supportive therapy if required. The extent to which Isentress may be dialyzable is unknown.
11 DESCRIPTION
Isentress contains Isentress potassium, a human immunodeficiency virus integrase strand transfer inhibitor. The chemical name for Isentress potassium is N-[(4-Fluorophenyl) methyl]-1,6-dihydro-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-[1-methyl-1-[[(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]ethyl]-6-oxo-4-pyrimidinecarboxamide monopotassium salt.
The empirical formula is C20H20FKN6O5 and the molecular weight is 482.51. The structural formula is:
Isentress potassium is a white to off-white powder. It is soluble in water, slightly soluble in methanol, very slightly soluble in ethanol and acetonitrile and insoluble in isopropanol.
Each 400 mg film-coated tablet of Isentress for oral administration contains 434.4 mg of Isentress (as potassium salt), equivalent to 400 mg of Isentress free phenol and the following inactive ingredients: calcium phosphate dibasic anhydrous, hypromellose 2208, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, poloxamer 407 (contains 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene as antioxidant), sodium stearyl fumarate. In addition, the film coating contains the following inactive ingredients: black iron oxide, polyethylene glycol 3350, polyvinyl alcohol, red iron oxide, talc and titanium dioxide.
Each 600 mg film-coated tablet of Isentress HD for oral administration contains 651.6 mg of Isentress (as potassium salt), equivalent to 600 mg of Isentress free phenol and the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose 2910, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose. The film coating contains the following inactive ingredients: ferrosoferric oxide, hypromellose 2910, iron oxide yellow, lactose monohydrate, triacetin and titanium dioxide. The tablet may also contain trace amount of carnauba wax.
Each 100 mg chewable tablet of Isentress for oral administration contains 108.6 mg of Isentress (as potassium salt), equivalent to 100 mg of Isentress free phenol and the following inactive ingredients: ammonium hydroxide, crospovidone, ethylcellulose 20 cP, fructose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose 2910/6cP, magnesium stearate, mannitol, medium chain triglycerides, monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, natural and artificial flavors (orange, banana, and masking that contains aspartame), oleic acid, PEG 400, red iron oxide, saccharin sodium, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium stearyl fumarate, sorbitol, sucralose and yellow iron oxide.
Each 25 mg chewable tablet of Isentress for oral administration contains 27.16 mg of Isentress (as potassium salt), equivalent to 25 mg of Isentress free phenol and the following inactive ingredients: ammonium hydroxide, crospovidone, ethylcellulose 20 cP, fructose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose 2910/6cP, magnesium stearate, mannitol, medium chain triglycerides, monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, natural and artificial flavors (orange, banana, and masking that contains aspartame), oleic acid, PEG 400, saccharin sodium, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium stearyl fumarate, sorbitol, sucralose and yellow iron oxide.
Each packet of Isentress for oral suspension 100 mg, contains 108.6 mg of Isentress (as potassium salt), equivalent to 100 mg of Isentress free phenol and the following inactive ingredients: ammonium hydroxide, banana with other natural flavors, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, crospovidone, ethylcellulose 20 cP, fructose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose 2910/6cP, macrogol/PEG 400, magnesium stearate, maltodextrin, mannitol, medium chain triglycerides, microcrystalline cellulose, monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, oleic acid, sorbitol, sucralose and sucrose.
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
Isentress is an HIV-1 antiviral drug .
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
In a monotherapy study Isentress (400 mg twice daily) demonstrated rapid antiviral activity with mean viral load reduction of 1.66 log10 copies/mL by Day 10.
Cardiac Electrophysiology
At a dose 1.33 times the maximum approved recommended dose (and peak concentrations 1.25-fold higher than the maximum approved dose), Isentress does not prolong the QT interval or PR interval to any clinically relevant extent.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Adults
Absorption
Isentress, given 400 mg twice daily, is absorbed with a Tmax of approximately 3 hours postdose in the fasted state in healthy subjects. Isentress 1200 mg once daily is rapidly absorbed with median Tmax of ~1.5 to 2 hours in the fasted state.
Isentress increases dose proportionally or slightly less than dose proportionally (C12hr) over the dose range 100 mg to 1600 mg.
The absolute bioavailability of Isentress has not been established. The chewable tablet and oral suspension have higher oral bioavailability compared to the 400 mg film-coated tablet.
Relative to the Isentress 400 mg formulation, the Isentress 600 mg formulation has higher relative bioavailability.
Steady-state is generally reached in 2 days, with little to no accumulation with multiple dose administration for the 400 mg twice daily and 1200 once daily formulation.
Effect of Food on Oral Absorption
The food effect of various formulations are presented in Table 11.
| PK parameter ratio (fed/fasted) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formulation | Meal Type | AUC Ratio (90% CI) | Cmax Ratio (90% CI) | Cmin Ratio (90% CI) |
| Low-fat meal: 300 Kcal, 2.5 g fat | ||||
| Moderate-fat meal: 600 Kcal, 21 g fat | ||||
| High-fat meal: 825 Kcal, 52 g fat | ||||
| 400 mg twice daily | Low Fat | 0.54 (0.41-0.71) | 0.48 (0.35-0.67) | 0.86 (0.54-1.36) |
| Moderate Fat | 1.13 (0.85-1.49) | 1.05 (0.75-1.46) | 1.66 (1.04-2.64) | |
| High Fat | 2.11 (1.60-2.80) | 1.96 (1.41-2.73) | 4.13 (2.60-6.57) | |
| 1200 mg once daily | Low Fat | 0.58 (0.46-0.74) | 0.48 (0.37-0.62) | 0.84 (0.63-1.10) |
| High Fat | 1.02 (0.86-1.21) | 0.72 (0.58-0.90) | 0.88 (0.66-1.18) | |
| Chewable tablet | High Fat | 0.94 (0.78-1.14) | 0.38 (0.28-0.52) | 2.88 (2.21-3.75) |
| Oral suspension | The effect of food on oral suspension was not studied. | |||
Distribution
Isentress is approximately 83% bound to human plasma protein over the concentration range of 2 to 10 µM.
In one study of HIV-1 infected subjects who received Isentress 400 mg twice daily, Isentress was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid. In the study (n=18), the median cerebrospinal fluid concentration was 5.8% (range 1 to 53.5%) of the corresponding plasma concentration. This median proportion was approximately 3-fold lower than the free fraction of Isentress in plasma. The clinical relevance of this finding is unknown.
Metabolism and Excretion
The apparent terminal half-life of Isentress is approximately 9 hours, with a shorter α-phase half-life (~1 hour) accounting for much of the AUC. Following administration of an oral dose of radiolabeled Isentress, approximately 51 and 32% of the dose was excreted in feces and urine, respectively. In feces, only Isentress was present, most of which is likely derived from hydrolysis of raltegravir-glucuronide secreted in bile as observed in preclinical species. Two components, namely Isentress and raltegravir-glucuronide, were detected in urine and accounted for approximately 9 and 23% of the dose, respectively. The major circulating entity was Isentress and represented approximately 70% of the total radioactivity; the remaining radioactivity in plasma was accounted for by raltegravir-glucuronide. The major mechanism of clearance of Isentress in humans is UGT1A1-mediated glucuronidation.
| Parameter | 400 mg BID Geometric Mean (%CV) N=6 | 1200 mg QD Geometric Mean (%CV) N=524 |
|---|---|---|
| AUC (µM∙hr) | AUC0-12= 14.3 (88.6) | AUC0-24 = 55.3 (41.5) |
| Cmax (µM) | 4.5 (128) | 15.7 (45.8) |
| Cmin (nM) | C12 = 142 (63.8) | C24 = 107 (97.5) |
Special Populations
Pediatric
Isentress
Two pediatric formulations were evaluated in healthy adult volunteers, where the chewable tablet and oral suspension were compared to the 400 mg tablet. The chewable tablet and oral suspension demonstrated higher oral bioavailability, thus higher AUC, compared to the 400 mg tablet. In the same study, the oral suspension resulted in higher oral bioavailability compared to the chewable tablet. These observations resulted in proposed pediatric doses targeting 6 mg/kg/dose for the chewable tablets and oral suspension. As displayed in Table 13, the doses recommended for HIV-infected infants, children and adolescents 4 weeks to 18 years of age resulted in a pharmacokinetic profile of Isentress similar to that observed in adults receiving 400 mg twice daily.
Overall, dosing in pediatric patients achieved exposures (Ctrough) above 45 nM in the majority of subjects, but some differences in exposures between formulations were observed. Pediatric patients above 25 kg administered the chewable tablets had lower trough concentrations (113 nM) compared to pediatric patients above 25 kg administered the 400 mg tablet formulation (233 nM) . As a result, the 400 mg film-coated tablet is the recommended dose in patients weighing at least 25 kg; however, the chewable tablet offers an alternative regimen in patients weighing at least 25 kg who are unable to swallow the film-coated tablet . In addition, pediatric patients weighing 11 to 25 kg who were administered the chewable tablets had the lowest trough concentrations (82 nM) compared to all other pediatric subgroups.
| Body Weight | Formulation | Dose | N | Geometric Mean (%CV AUC0-12hr (µM∙hr) | Geometric Mean (%CV C12hr (nM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥25 kg | Film-coated tablet | 400 mg twice daily | 18 | 14.1 (121%) | 233 (157%) |
| ≥25 kg | Chewable tablet | Weight based dosing, see Table 3 | 9 | 22.1 (36%) | 113 (80%) |
| 11 to less than 25 kg | Chewable tablet | Weight based dosing, see Table 4 | 13 | 18.6 (68%) | 82 (123%) |
| 3 to less than 20 kg | Oral suspension | Weight based dosing, see Table 4 | 19 | 24.5 (43%) | 113 (69%) |
The pharmacokinetics of Isentress in infants under 4 weeks of age has not been established.
Isentress HD
Isentress HD 1200 mg (2 × 600 mg) was not evaluated in a pediatric clinical study. Exposures for pediatric subjects weighing at least 40 kg administered Isentress HD are predicted to be comparable to adult exposures observed from Phase III ONCEMRK.
Age/Race/Gender
There is no clinically meaningful effect of age (18 years and older), race, or gender on the pharmacokinetics of Isentress.
Hepatic Impairment
Isentress is eliminated primarily by glucuronidation in the liver. The pharmacokinetics of a single 400-mg dose of Isentress were not altered in patients with moderate (Child-Pugh Score 7 to 9) hepatic impairment.
No hepatic impairment study has been conducted with Isentress HD 1200 mg (2 × 600 mg) once daily. The effect of severe hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of Isentress has not been studied.
Renal Impairment
Renal clearance of unchanged drug is a minor pathway of elimination. The pharmacokinetics of a single 400-mg dose of Isentress were not altered in patients with severe (24-hour creatinine clearance of <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) renal impairment.
No renal impairment study was conducted with Isentress HD 1200 mg (2 × 600 mg) once daily.
The extent to which Isentress may be dialyzable is unknown.
Drug Interactions
In vitro, Isentress does not inhibit (IC50>100 µM) CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 or CYP3A. In vivo, Isentress does not inhibit CYP3A4. Moreover, in vitro, Isentress did not induce CYP1A2, CYP2B6 or CYP3A4. Similarly, Isentress is not an inhibitor (IC50>50 µM) of UGT1A1 or UGT2B7, and Isentress does not inhibit P-glycoprotein-mediated transport.
Isentress drug interaction study results are shown in Tables 14 and 15. For information regarding clinical recommendations .
| Coadministered Drug | Coadministered Drug Dose/Schedule | Isentress Dose/Schedule | Ratio (90% Confidence Interval) of Isentress Pharmacokinetic Parameters with/without Coadministered Drug; No Effect = 1.00 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Cmax | AUC | Cmin | |||
| aluminum and magnesium hydroxide antacid | 20 mL single dose given with Isentress | 400 mg twice daily | 25 | 0.56 (0.42, 0.73) | 0.51 (0.40, 0.65) | 0.37 (0.29, 0.48) |
| 20 mL single dose given 2 hours before Isentress | 23 | 0.49 (0.33, 0.71) | 0.49 (0.35, 0.67) | 0.44 (0.34, 0.55) | ||
| 20 mL single dose given 2 hours after Isentress | 23 | 0.78 (0.53, 1.13) | 0.70 (0.50, 0.96) | 0.43 (0.34, 0.55) | ||
| 20 mL single dose given 4 hours before Isentress | 17 | 0.78 (0.55, 1.10) | 0.81 (0.63, 1.05) | 0.40 (0.31, 0.52) | ||
| 20 mL single dose given 4 hours after Isentress | 18 | 0.70 (0.48, 1.04) | 0.68 (0.50, 0.92) | 0.38 (0.30, 0.49) | ||
| 20 mL single dose given 6 hours before Isentress | 16 | 0.90 (0.58, 1.40) | 0.87 (0.64, 1.18) | 0.50 (0.39, 0.65) | ||
| 20 mL single dose given 6 hours after Isentress | 16 | 0.90 (0.58, 1.41) | 0.89 (0.64, 1.22) | 0.51 (0.40, 0.64) | ||
| aluminum and magnesium hydroxide antacid | 20 mL single dose given 12 hours after Isentress | 1200 mg single dose | 19 | 0.86 (0.65, 1.15) | 0.86 (0.73, 1.03) | 0.42 (0.34, 0.52) |
| atazanavir | 400 mg daily | 100 mg single dose | 10 | 1.53 (1.11, 2.12) | 1.72 (1.47, 2.02) | 1.95 (1.30, 2.92) |
| atazanavir | 400 mg daily | 1200 mg single dose | 14 | 1.16 (1.01, 1.33) | 1.67 (1.34, 2.10) | 1.26 (1.08, 1.46) |
| atazanavir/ritonavir | 300 mg/100 mg daily | 400 mg twice daily | 10 | 1.24 (0.87, 1.77) | 1.41 (1.12, 1.78) | 1.77 (1.39, 2.25) |
| boceprevir | 800 mg three times daily | 400 mg single dose | 22 | 1.11 (0.91-1.36) | 1.04 (0.88-1.22) | 0.75 (0.45-1.23) |
| calcium carbonate antacid | 3000 mg single dose given with Isentress | 400 mg twice daily | 24 | 0.48 (0.36, 0.63) | 0.45 (0.35, 0.57) | 0.68 (0.53, 0.87) |
| calcium carbonate antacid | 3000 mg single dose given with Isentress | 1200 mg single dose | 19 | 0.26 (0.21, 0.32) | 0.28 (0.24, 0.32) | 0.52 (0.45, 0.61) |
| 3000 mg single dose given 12 hours after Isentress | 0.98 (0.81, 1.17) | 0.90 (0.80, 1.03) | 0.43 (0.36, 0.51) | |||
| efavirenz | 600 mg daily | 400 mg single dose | 9 | 0.64 (0.41, 0.98) | 0.64 (0.52, 0.80) | 0.79 (0.49, 1.28) |
| efavirenz | 600 mg daily | 1200 mg single dose | 21 | 0.91 (0.70, 1.17) | 0.86 (0.73, 1.01) | 0.94 (0.76, 1.17) |
| etravirine | 200 mg twice daily | 400 mg twice daily | 19 | 0.89 (0.68, 1.15) | 0.90 (0.68, 1.18) | 0.66 (0.34, 1.26) |
| omeprazole | 20 mg daily | 400 mg twice daily | 18 | 1.51 (0.98, 2.35) | 1.37 (0.99, 1.89) | 1.24 (0.95, 1.62) |
| rifampin | 600 mg daily | 400 mg single dose | 9 | 0.62 (0.37, 1.04) | 0.60 (0.39, 0.91) | 0.39 (0.30, 0.51) |
| rifampin | 600 mg daily | 400 mg twice daily when administered alone; 800 mg twice daily when administered with rifampin | 14 | 1.62 (1.12, 2.33) | 1.27 (0.94, 1.71) | 0.47 (0.36, 0.61) |
| ritonavir | 100 mg twice daily | 400 mg single dose | 10 | 0.76 (0.55, 1.04) | 0.84 (0.70, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.70, 1.40) |
| tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | 300 mg daily | 400 mg twice daily | 9 | 1.64 (1.16, 2.32) | 1.49 (1.15, 1.94) | 1.03 (0.73, 1.45) |
| tipranavir/ritonavir | 500 mg/200 mg twice daily | 400 mg twice daily | 15 (14 for Cmin) | 0.82 (0.46, 1.46) | 0.76 (0.49, 1.19) | 0.45 (0.31, 0.66) |
| Substrate Drug | Isentress Dose/Schedule | Ratio (90% Confidence Interval) of Substrate Pharmacokinetic Parameters with/without Coadministered Drug; No Effect = 1.00 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Cmax | AUC | Cmin | ||
| Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg | 400 mg | 9 | 0.77 (0.69, 0.85) | 0.90 (0.82, 0.99) | C24hr 0.87 (0.74, 1.02) |
| Etravirine 200 mg | 400 mg | 19 | 1.04 (0.97, 1.12) | 1.10 (1.03, 1.16) | 1.17 (1.10, 1.26) |
In drug interaction studies, there was no effect of Isentress on the PK of ethinyl estradiol, methadone, midazolam or boceprevir.
12.4 Microbiology
Mechanism of Action
Isentress inhibits the catalytic activity of HIV-1 integrase, an HIV-1 encoded enzyme that is required for viral replication. Inhibition of integrase prevents the covalent insertion, or integration, of unintegrated linear HIV-1 DNA into the host cell genome preventing the formation of the HIV-1 provirus. The provirus is required to direct the production of progeny virus, so inhibiting integration prevents propagation of the viral infection. Isentress did not significantly inhibit human phosphoryltransferases including DNA polymerases α, β, and γ.
Antiviral Activity in Cell Culture
Isentress at concentrations of 31 ± 20 nM resulted in 95% inhibition (EC95) of viral spread (relative to an untreated virus-infected culture) in human T-lymphoid cell cultures infected with the cell-line adapted HIV-1 variant H9IIIB. In addition, 5 clinical isolates of HIV-1 subtype B had EC95 values ranging from 9 to 19 nM in cultures of mitogen-activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In a single-cycle infection assay, Isentress inhibited infection of 23 HIV-1 isolates representing 5 non-B subtypes (A, C, D, F, and G) and 5 circulating recombinant forms (AE, AG, BF, BG, and cpx) with EC50 values ranging from 5 to 12 nM. Isentress also inhibited replication of an HIV-2 isolate when tested in CEMx174 cells (EC95 value = 6 nM). No antagonism was observed when human T-lymphoid cells infected with the H9IIIB variant of HIV-1 were incubated with Isentress in combination with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (delavirdine, efavirenz, or nevirapine); nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (abacavir, didanosine, lamivudine, stavudine, tenofovir, or zidovudine); protease inhibitors (amprenavir, atazanavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, or saquinavir); or the entry inhibitor enfuvirtide.
Resistance
The mutations observed in the HIV-1 integrase coding sequence that contributed to Isentress resistance (evolved either in cell culture or in subjects treated with Isentress) generally included an amino acid substitution at either Y143 (changed to C, H, or R) or Q148 (changed to H, K, or R) or N155 (changed to H) plus one or more additional substitutions (i.e., L74M, E92Q, Q95K/R, T97A, E138A/K, G140A/S, V151I, G163R, H183P, Y226C/D/F/H, S230R, and D232N). E92Q and F121C are occasionally seen in the absence of substitutions at Y143, Q148, or N155 in raltegravir-treatment failure subjects.
Treatment-Naïve Adult Subjects: By Week 240 in the STARTMRK trial, the primary Isentress resistance-associated substitutions were observed in 4 (2 with Y143H/R and 2 with Q148H/R) of the 12 virologic failure subjects with evaluable genotypic data from paired baseline and Isentress treatment-failure isolates. By Week 48 in the ONCEMRK trial, primary resistance substitutions were observed in on-treatment isolates obtained from 4 (N155H/I203M, N155H/V151I/D232N, N155H, E92Q/L74M) of the 14 virologic failure subjects with evaluable genotypic data. These isolates exhibited 9.3- to 19-fold reductions in susceptibility to Isentress.
Treatment-Experienced Adult Subjects: By Week 96 in the BENCHMRK trials, at least one of the primary Isentress resistance-associated substitutions, Y143C/H/R, Q148H/K/R, and N155H, was observed in 76 of the 112 virologic failure subjects with evaluable genotypic data from paired baseline and Isentress treatment-failure isolates. The emergence of the primary Isentress resistance-associated substitutions was observed cumulatively in 70 subjects by Week 48 and 78 subjects by Week 96, 15.2% and 17% of the Isentress recipients, respectively. Some (n=58) of those HIV-1 isolates harboring one or more of the primary Isentress resistance-associated substitutions were evaluated for Isentress susceptibility yielding a median decrease of 26.3-fold (mean 48.9 ± 44.8-fold decrease, ranging from 0.8- to 159-fold) compared to the wild-type reference.
Cross Resistance
Cross resistance has been observed among HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). Amino acid substitutions in HIV-1 integrase conferring resistance to Isentress generally also confer resistance to elvitegravir. Substitutions at amino acid Y143 confer greater reductions in susceptibility to Isentress than to elvitegravir, and the E92Q substitution confers greater reductions in susceptibility to elvitegravir than to Isentress. Viruses harboring a substitution at amino acid Q148, along with one or more other Isentress resistance substitutions, may also have clinically significant resistance to dolutegravir.
12.5 Pharmacogenomics
UGT1A1 Polymorphism
There is no evidence that common UGT1A1 polymorphisms alter Isentress pharmacokinetics to a clinically meaningful extent. In a comparison of 30 adult subjects with *28/*28 genotype (associated with reduced activity of UGT1A1) to 27 adult subjects with wild-type genotype, the geometric mean ratio (90% CI) of AUC was 1.41 (0.96, 2.09).
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Carcinogenicity studies of Isentress in mice did not show any carcinogenic potential. At the highest dose levels, 400 mg/kg/day in females and 250 mg/kg/day in males, systemic exposure was 1.8-fold (females) or 1.2-fold (males) greater than the AUC (54 µM∙hr) at the 400-mg twice daily human dose. Treatment-related squamous cell carcinoma of nose/nasopharynx was observed in female rats dosed with 600 mg/kg/day Isentress for 104 weeks. These tumors were possibly the result of local irritation and inflammation due to local deposition and/or aspiration of drug in the mucosa of the nose/nasopharynx during dosing. No tumors of the nose/nasopharynx were observed in rats dosed with 150 mg/kg/day (males) and 50 mg/kg/day (females) and the systemic exposure in rats was 1.7-fold (males) to 1.4-fold (females) greater than the AUC (54 µM∙hr) at the 400-mg twice daily human dose.
No evidence of mutagenicity or genotoxicity was observed in in vitro microbial mutagenesis (Ames) tests, in vitro alkaline elution assays for DNA breakage, and in vitro and in vivo chromosomal aberration studies.
No effect on fertility was seen in male and female rats at doses up to 600 mg/kg/day which resulted in a 3-fold exposure above the exposure at the recommended human dose.
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
14.1 Description of Clinical Studies
The evidence of durable efficacy of Isentress 400 mg twice daily is based on the analyses of 240-week data from a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial, STARTMRK evaluating Isentress 400 mg twice daily in antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected adult subjects, the analysis of 48-week data from a randomized, double-blind, active-control trial, ONCEMRK evaluating Isentress HD 1200 mg once daily in treatment-naïve adult subjects, and 96-week data from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, BENCHMRK 1 and BENCHMRK 2, evaluating Isentress 400 mg twice daily in antiretroviral treatment-experienced HIV-1 infected adult subjects. See Table 16.
| Trial | Study Type | Population | Study Arms (N) | Dose/Formulation | Timepoint |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STARTMRK | Randomized, double-blind, active-controlled | Treatment-Naïve Adults | Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily (281) Efavirenz 600 mg At Bedtime (282) Both in combination with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | 400 mg film-coated tablet | Week 240 |
| ONCEMRK | Randomized, double-blind, active-controlled | Treatment-Naïve Adults | Isentress HD 1200 mg Once Daily (531) | 600 mg film-coated tablet | Week 48 |
| Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily (266) Both in combination with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | 400 mg film-coated tablet | ||||
| BENCHMRK 1 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled | Treatment-Experienced Adults | Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily (232) Placebo (118) Both in combination with optimized background therapy | 400 mg film-coated tablet | Week 240 (Week 156 on double-blind plus Week 84 on open-label) |
| BENCHMRK 2 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled | Treatment-Experienced Adults | Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily (230) Placebo (119) Both in combination with optimized background therapy | 400 mg film-coated tablet | Week 240 (Week 156 on double-blind plus Week 84 on open-label) |
14.2 Treatment-Naïve Adult Subjects
STARTMRK (ISENTRESS 400 mg twice daily)
STARTMRK is a Phase 3 randomized, international, double-blind, active-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Isentress 400 mg twice daily versus efavirenz 600 mg at bedtime both with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected subjects with HIV-1 RNA >5000 copies/mL. Randomization was stratified by screening HIV-1 RNA level (≤50,000 copies/mL; or >50,000 copies/mL) and by hepatitis status. In STARTMRK, 563 subjects were randomized and received at least 1 dose of either Isentress 400 mg twice daily or efavirenz 600 mg at bedtime, both in combination with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. There were 563 subjects included in the efficacy and safety analyses. At baseline, the median age of subjects was 37 years (range 19-71), 19% female, 58% non-white, 6% had hepatitis B and/or C virus co-infection, 20% were CDC Class C (AIDS), 53% had HIV-1 RNA greater than 100,000 copies per mL, and 47% had CD4+ cell count less than 200 cells per mm3; the frequencies of these baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups.
ONCEMRK (ISENTRESS HD 1200 mg [2 × 600 mg] once daily)
ONCEMRK is a Phase 3 randomized, international, double-blind, active-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Isentress HD 1200 mg (2 × 600 mg) once daily versus Isentress 400 mg twice daily, both in combination with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected subjects with HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 copies/mL. Randomization was stratified by screening HIV-1 RNA level (≤100,000 or >100,000 copies/mL) and by hepatitis B and C infection status.
In ONCEMRK, 797 subjects were randomized and received at least 1 dose of either Isentress 1200 mg once daily or Isentress 400 mg twice daily, both in combination with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. There were 797 subjects included in the efficacy and safety analyses. At baseline, the median age of subjects was 34 years (range 18-84), 15% female, 41% non-white, 3% had hepatitis B and/or C virus co-infection, 13% were CDC Class C (AIDS), 28% had HIV-1 RNA greater than 100,000 copies per mL, and 13% had CD4+ cell count less than 200 cells per mm3; the frequencies of these baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups.
Table 17 shows the virologic outcomes in both studies. Side-by-side tabulation is to simplify presentation; direct comparisons across trials should not be made due to differing duration of follow-up.
| STARTMRK Week 240 | ONCEMRK Week 48 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily (N=281) | Efavirenz 600 mg At Bedtime (N=282) | Isentress HD 1200 mg Once Daily (N=531) | Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily (N=266) | |
| Notes: Isentress BID, Isentress HD and Efavirenz were administered with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | ||||
| HIV RNA < Lower Limit of Quantitation | 66% | 60% | 89% | 88% |
| Treatment Difference | 6.6% (95% CI: -1.4%, 14.5%) | 0.5% (95% CI: -4.2%, 5.2%) | ||
| HIV RNA ≥ Lower Limit of Quantitation | 8% | 15% | 5% | 6% |
| No Virologic Data at Analysis Timepoint | 26% | 26% | 6% | 6% |
| Reasons | ||||
| Discontinued trial due to AE or Death | 5% | 10% | 1% | 2% |
| Discontinued trial for Other Reasons | 15% | 14% | 4% | 3% |
| On trial but missing data at timepoint | 6% | 2% | 1% | 1% |
In the ONCEMRK trial, Isentress HD 1200 mg (2 × 600 mg) once daily demonstrated consistent virologic and immunologic efficacy relative to Isentress 400 mg twice daily, both in combination with emtricitabine (+) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, across demographic and baseline prognostic factors, including: baseline HIV RNA levels >100,000 copies/mL and demographic groups (including age, gender, race, ethnicity and region), concomitant proton pump inhibitors/H2 blockers use and viral subtypes (comparing non-clade B as a group to clade B).
Consistent efficacy in subjects receiving Isentress HD 1200 mg (2 × 600 mg) once daily was observed across HIV subtypes with 88.4% (296/335) and 90.2% (175/194) of subjects with B and non-B subtypes respectively, achieving HIV RNA <40 copies/mL at week 48 (Snapshot approach).
14.3 Treatment-Experienced Adult Subjects
BENCHMRK 1 and BENCHMRK 2 are Phase 3 studies to evaluate the safety and antiretroviral activity of Isentress 400 mg twice daily in combination with an optimized background therapy, versus OBT alone, in HIV-1-infected subjects, 16 years or older, with documented resistance to at least 1 drug in each of 3 classes (NNRTIs, NRTIs, PIs) of antiretroviral therapies. Randomization was stratified by degree of resistance to PI (1PI vs. >1PI) and the use of enfuvirtide in the OBT. Prior to randomization, OBT was selected by the investigator based on genotypic/phenotypic resistance testing and prior ART history.
Table 18 shows the demographic characteristics of subjects in the group receiving Isentress 400 mg twice daily and subjects in the placebo group.
| Randomized Studies BENCHMRK 1 and BENCHMRK 2 | Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily + OBT (N = 462) | Placebo + OBT (N = 237) |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Male | 88% | 89% |
| Female | 12% | 11% |
| Race | ||
| White | 65% | 73% |
| Black | 14% | 11% |
| Asian | 3% | 3% |
| Hispanic | 11% | 8% |
| Others | 6% | 5% |
| Age (years) | ||
| Median (min, max) | 45 (16 to 74) | 45 (17 to 70) |
| CD4+ Cell Count | ||
| Median (min, max), cells/mm3 | 119 (1 to 792) | 123 (0 to 759) |
| ≤50 cells/mm3 | 32% | 33% |
| >50 and ≤200 cells/mm3 | 37% | 36% |
| Plasma HIV-1 RNA | ||
| Median (min, max), log10 copies/mL | 4.8 (2 to 6) | 4.7 (2 to 6) |
| >100,000 copies/mL | 36% | 33% |
| History of AIDS | ||
| Yes | 92% | 91% |
| Prior Use of ART, Median (1st Quartile, 3rd Quartile) | ||
| Years of ART Use | 10 (7 to 12) | 10 (8 to 12) |
| Number of ART | 12 (9 to 15) | 12 (9 to 14) |
| Hepatitis Co-infection | ||
| No Hepatitis B or C virus | 83% | 84% |
| Hepatitis B virus only | 8% | 3% |
| Hepatitis C virus only | 8% | 12% |
| Co-infection of Hepatitis B and C virus | 1% | 1% |
| Stratum | ||
| Enfuvirtide in OBT | 38% | 38% |
| Resistant to ≥2 PI | 97% | 95% |
Table 19 compares the characteristics of optimized background therapy at baseline in the group receiving Isentress 400 mg twice daily and subjects in the control group.
| Randomized Studies BENCHMRK 1 and BENCHMRK 2 | Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily + OBT (N = 462) | Placebo + OBT (N = 237) |
|---|---|---|
| Number of ARTs in OBT | ||
| Median (min, max) | 4 (1 to 7) | 4 (2 to 7) |
| Number of Active PI in OBT by Phenotypic Resistance Test | ||
| 0 | 36% | 41% |
| 1 or more | 60% | 58% |
| Phenotypic Sensitivity Score (PSS) | ||
| 0 | 15% | 18% |
| 1 | 31% | 30% |
| 2 | 31% | 28% |
| 3 or more | 18% | 20% |
| Genotypic Sensitivity Score (GSS) | ||
| 0 | 25% | 27% |
| 1 | 38% | 40% |
| 2 | 24% | 21% |
| 3 or more | 11% | 10% |
Week 96 outcomes for the 699 subjects randomized and treated with the recommended dose of Isentress 400 mg twice daily or placebo in the pooled BENCHMRK 1 and 2 studies are shown in Table 20.
| Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily + OBT (N = 462) | Placebo + OBT (N = 237) | |
|---|---|---|
| Subjects with HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/mL | 55% | 27% |
| Virologic Failure | 35% | 66% |
| No virologic data at Week 96 Window | ||
| Reasons | ||
| Discontinued study due to AE or death | 3% | 3% |
| Discontinued study for other reasons | 4% | 4% |
| Missing data during window but on study | 4% | <1% |
The mean changes in CD4 count from baseline were 118 cells/mm3 in the group receiving Isentress 400 mg twice daily and 47 cells/mm3 for the control group.
Treatment-emergent CDC Category C events occurred in 4% of the group receiving Isentress 400 mg twice daily and 5% of the control group.
Virologic responses at Week 96 by baseline genotypic and phenotypic sensitivity score are shown in Table 21.
| Percent with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL At Week 96 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Isentress 400 mg Twice Daily + OBT (N = 462) | n | Placebo + OBT (N = 237) | |
| Phenotypic Sensitivity Score (PSS) | ||||
| 0 | 67 | 43 | 43 | 5 |
| 1 | 144 | 58 | 71 | 23 |
| 2 | 142 | 61 | 66 | 32 |
| 3 or more | 85 | 48 | 48 | 42 |
| Genotypic Sensitivity Score (GSS) | ||||
| 0 | 116 | 39 | 65 | 5 |
| 1 | 177 | 62 | 95 | 26 |
| 2 | 111 | 61 | 49 | 53 |
| 3 or more | 51 | 49 | 23 | 35 |
Switch of Suppressed Subjects from Lopinavir (+) Ritonavir to Isentress
The SWITCHMRK 1 & 2 Phase 3 studies evaluated HIV-1 infected subjects receiving suppressive therapy (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL on a stable regimen of lopinavir 200 mg (+) ritonavir 50 mg 2 tablets twice daily plus at least 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for >3 months) and randomized them 1:1 to either continue lopinavir (+) ritonavir (n=174 and n=178, SWITCHMRK 1 & 2, respectively) or replace lopinavir (+) ritonavir with Isentress 400 mg twice daily (n=174 and n=176, respectively). The primary virology endpoint was the proportion of subjects with HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/mL at Week 24 with a prespecified non-inferiority margin of -12% for each study; and the frequency of adverse events up to 24 weeks.
Subjects with a prior history of virological failure were not excluded and the number of previous antiretroviral therapies was not limited.
These studies were terminated after the primary efficacy analysis at Week 24 because they each failed to demonstrate non-inferiority of switching to Isentress versus continuing on lopinavir (+) ritonavir. In the combined analysis of these studies at Week 24, suppression of HIV-1 RNA to less than 50 copies/mL was maintained in 82.3% of the Isentress group versus 90.3% of the lopinavir (+) ritonavir group. Clinical and laboratory adverse events occurred at similar frequencies in the treatment groups.
14.4 Pediatric Subjects
2 to 18 Years of Age
IMPAACT P1066 is a Phase I/II open label multicenter trial to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile, safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Isentress in HIV infected children. This study enrolled 126 treatment experienced children and adolescents 2 to 18 years of age. Subjects were stratified by age, enrolling adolescents first and then successively younger children. Subjects were enrolled into cohorts according to age and received the following formulations: Cohort I (12 to less than 18 years old), 400 mg film-coated tablet; Cohort IIa (6 to less than 12 years old), 400 mg film-coated tablet; Cohort IIb (6 to less than 12 years old), chewable tablet; Cohort III (2 to less than 6 years), chewable tablet. Isentress was administered with an optimized background regimen.
The initial dose finding stage included intensive pharmacokinetic evaluation. Dose selection was based upon achieving similar Isentress plasma exposure and trough concentration as seen in adults, and acceptable short term safety. After dose selection, additional subjects were enrolled for evaluation of long term safety, tolerability and efficacy. Of the 126 subjects, 96 received the recommended dose of Isentress .
These 96 subjects had a median age of 13 (range 2 to 18) years, were 51% Female, 34% Caucasian, and 59% Black. At baseline, mean plasma HIV-1 RNA was 4.3 log10 copies/mL, median CD4 cell count was 481 cells/mm3 (range: 0 – 2361) and median CD4% was 23.3% (range: 0 – 44). Overall, 8% had baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA >100,000 copies/mL and 59% had a CDC HIV clinical classification of category B or C. Most subjects had previously used at least one NNRTI (78%) or one PI (83%).
Ninety-three (97%) subjects 2 to 18 years of age completed 24 weeks of treatment (3 discontinued due to non-compliance). At Week 24, 54% achieved HIV RNA <50 copies/mL; 66% achieved HIV RNA <400 copies/mL. The mean CD4 count (percent) increase from baseline to Week 24 was 119 cells/mm3 (3.8%).
4 Weeks to Less Than 2 Years of Age
IMPAACT P1066 also enrolled HIV-infected, infants and toddlers 4 weeks to less than 2 years of age (Cohorts IV and V) who had received prior antiretroviral therapy either as prophylaxis for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and/or as combination antiretroviral therapy for treatment of HIV infection. Isentress was administered as an oral suspension without regard to food in combination with an optimized background regimen.
The 26 subjects had a median age of 28 weeks (range: 4 -100), were 35% female, 85% Black and 8% Caucasian. At baseline, mean plasma HIV-1 RNA was 5.7 log10 copies/mL (range: 3.1 – 7), median CD4 cell count was 1400 cells/mm3 (range: 131 – 3648) and median CD4% was 18.6% (range: 3.3 – 39.3). Overall, 69% had baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA exceeding 100,000 copies/mL and 23% had a CDC HIV clinical classification of category B or C. None of the 26 subjects were completely treatment naïve. All infants under 6 months of age had received nevirapine or zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-infant transmission, and 43% of subjects greater than 6 months of age had received two or more antiretrovirals.
Of the 26 treated subjects, 23 subjects were included in the Week 24 and 48 efficacy analyses, respectively. All 26 treated subjects were included for safety analyses.
At Week 24, 39% achieved HIV RNA <50 copies/mL and 61% achieved HIV RNA <400 copies/mL. The mean CD4 count (percent) increase from baseline to Week 24 was 500 cells/mm3 (7.5%).
At Week 48, 44% achieved HIV RNA <50 copies/mL and 61% achieved HIV RNA <400 copies/mL. The mean CD4 count (percent) increase from baseline to Week 48 was 492 cells/mm3 (7.8%).
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
Isentress tablets 400 mg are pink, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets with "227" on one side. They are supplied as follows:
- NDC 0006-0227-61 unit-of-use bottles of 60.
- No. 3894
Isentress HD tablets 600 mg are yellow, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets with Merck logo and "242" on one side and plain on the other side. They are supplied as follows:
- NDC 0006-3080-01 unit-of-use bottles of 60.
- No. 3080
Isentress tablets 100 mg are pale orange, oval-shaped, orange-banana flavored, chewable tablets scored on both sides and imprinted on one face with the Merck logo and "477" on opposite sides of the score. They are supplied as follows:
- NDC 0006-0477-61 unit-of-use bottles of 60.
- No. 3972
Isentress tablets 25 mg are pale yellow, round, orange-banana flavored, chewable tablets with the Merck logo on one side and "473" on the other side. They are supplied as follows:
- NDC 0006-0473-61 unit-of-use bottles of 60.
- No. 3965
Isentress for oral suspension 100 mg is a white to off-white granular powder that may contain yellow or beige to tan particles, in child resistant single-use foil packets, packaged as a kit with two 5 mL dosing syringes and two mixing cups. It is supplied as follows:
- NDC 0006-3603-60 unit of use carton with 60 packets.
- NDC 0006-3603-01 individual packet.
- No. 3603
Storage and Handling
400 mg Film-coated Tablets, 600 mg Film-coated Tablets, Chewable Tablets and For Oral Suspension
Store at 20-25°C (68-77°F); excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F). See USP Controlled Room Temperature.
400 mg Film-coated Tablets, 600 mg Film-coated Tablets and Chewable Tablets
Store in the original package with the bottle tightly closed. Keep the desiccant in the bottle to protect from moisture.
For Oral Suspension
Store in the original container. Do not open foil packet until ready for use.
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
Advise patients to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information and Instructions for Use).
Severe and Potentially Life-threatening Rash
Inform patients that severe and potentially life-threatening rash has been reported. Advise patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider if they develop rash. Instruct patients to immediately stop taking Isentress or Isentress HD and other suspect agents, and seek medical attention if they develop a rash associated with any of the following symptoms as it may be a sign of a more serious reaction such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis or severe hypersensitivity: fever, generally ill feeling, extreme tiredness, muscle or joint aches, blisters, oral lesions, eye inflammation, facial swelling, swelling of the eyes, lips, mouth, breathing difficulty, and/or signs and symptoms of liver problems (e.g., yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, dark or tea colored urine, pale colored stools/bowel movements, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, or pain, aching or sensitivity on the right side below the ribs). Inform patients that if severe rash occurs, their physician will closely monitor them, order laboratory tests and initiate appropriate therapy.
Immune Reconstitution Syndrome
Advise patients to inform their healthcare provider immediately of any symptoms of infection, as in some patients with advanced HIV infection (AIDS), signs and symptoms of inflammation from previous infections may occur soon after anti-HIV treatment is started .
Rhabdomyolysis
Before patients begin Isentress or Isentress HD, ask them if they have a history of rhabdomyolysis, myopathy or increased creatine kinase or if they are taking medications known to cause these conditions such as statins, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil or zidovudine .
Instruct patients to immediately report to their healthcare provider any unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness while taking Isentress.
Phenylketonuria
Alert patients with phenylketonuria that Isentress Chewable Tablets contain phenylalanine .
Drug Interactions
Inform patients that Isentress or Isentress HD may interact with some drugs and ask them to identify all their current medications including over-the-counter agents .
Missed Dosage
Inform patients that it is important to take Isentress or Isentress HD on a regular dosing schedule as instructed by their healthcare provider and to avoid missing doses as it can result in development of resistance .
Important Administration Instructions
Film-Coated Tablets and Chewable Tablets
Inform patients that the chewable tablets can be chewed or swallowed whole, but the film-coated tablets must be swallowed whole.
For Oral Suspension
Instruct parents and/or caregivers to read the Instructions for Use before preparing and administering Isentress for oral suspension to pediatric patients. Instruct parents and/or caregivers that Isentress for oral suspension should be administered within 30 minutes of mixing.
Pregnancy Registry
Advise patients that there is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to Isentress or Isentress HD during pregnancy .
Lactation
Instruct women with HIV-1 infection not to breastfeed because HIV-1 can be passed to the baby in the breast milk .
Distributed by:
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.
Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA
For patent information: www.merck.com/product/patent/home.html
Copyright © 2014-2017 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.
All rights reserved.
uspi-mk0518-mf-1705r031
| PATIENT INFORMATION | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| This Patient Information or Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. | Revised May 2017 | ||||
| Isentress® (eye sen tris) (raltegravir) film-coated tablets | Isentress® (eye sen tris) (raltegravir) chewable tablets | ||||
| Isentress® HD (eye sen tris HD) (raltegravir) film-coated tablets | Isentress® (eye sen tris) (raltegravir) for oral suspension | ||||
| Read this Patient Information before you start taking Isentress or Isentress HD and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking with your healthcare provider about your medical condition or your treatment. | |||||
| What are Isentress and Isentress HD? | |||||
| Isentress is a prescription HIV medicine used with other antiretroviral medicines to treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in people 4 weeks of age and older. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). | |||||
| Isentress HD is a prescription HIV medicine used with other antiretroviral medicines to treat HIV-1 infection in adults, and in children weighing at least 88 pounds (40 kg). | |||||
| It is not known if Isentress is safe and effective in babies under 4 weeks of age. | |||||
Before you take Isentress or Isentress HD, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:
| |||||
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including, prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Some medicines interact with Isentress and Isentress HD.
| |||||
How should I take Isentress or Isentress HD?
| |||||
| What are the possible side effects of Isentress or Isentress HD? | |||||
ISENTRESS and Isentress HD can cause serious side effects including:
| |||||
|
|
| |||
| Sometimes allergic reactions can affect body organs, such as your liver. Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms of liver problems: | |||||
|
| ||||
| |||||
| The most common side effects of Isentress and Isentress HD include: | |||||
|
| ||||
| Less common side effects of Isentress and Isentress HD include: | |||||
|
| ||||
| Tell your healthcare provider right away if you get unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness during treatment Isentress or Isentress HD. These may be signs of a rare serious muscle problem that can lead to kidney problems. | |||||
| Tell your healthcare provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. | |||||
| These are not all the possible side effects of Isentress and Isentress HD. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist. | |||||
| Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. | |||||
| How should I store Isentress and Isentress HD? | |||||
Isentress and Isentress HD film-coated tablets:
| |||||
Isentress chewable tablets:
| |||||
Isentress for oral suspension:
| |||||
| Keep Isentress and all medicines out of the reach of children. | |||||
| General information about the safe and effective use of Isentress and Isentress HD | |||||
| Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information Leaflet. | |||||
| Do not use Isentress or Isentress HD for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Isentress or Isentress HD to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them. You can ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for information about Isentress or Isentress HD that is written for health professionals. | |||||
| For more information go to www. ISENTRESS.com or call 1-800-622-4477. | |||||
| What are the ingredients in Isentress and Isentress HD? | |||||
| Isentress 400 mg film-coated tablets: | |||||
| Active ingredient: Isentress | |||||
| Inactive ingredients: calcium phosphate dibasic anhydrous, hypromellose 2208, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, poloxamer 407 (contains 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene as antioxidant), sodium stearyl fumarate. | |||||
| The film coating contains: black iron oxide, polyethylene glycol 3350, polyvinyl alcohol, red iron oxide, talc and titanium dioxide. | |||||
| Isentress HD 600 mg film-coated tablets: | |||||
| Active ingredient: Isentress | |||||
| Inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose 2910, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose. | |||||
| The film coating contains: ferrosoferric oxide, hypromellose 2910, iron oxide yellow, lactose monohydrate, triacetin and titanium dioxide. | |||||
| The tablet may also contain trace amount of carnauba wax. | |||||
| Isentress chewable tablets: | |||||
| Active ingredient: Isentress | |||||
| Inactive ingredients: ammonium hydroxide, crospovidone, ethylcellulose 20 cP, fructose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose 2910/6cP, magnesium stearate, mannitol, medium chain triglycerides, monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, natural and artificial flavors (orange, banana, and masking that contains aspartame), oleic acid, PEG 400, saccharin sodium, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium stearyl fumarate, sorbitol, sucralose and yellow iron oxide. The 100 mg chewable tablet also contains red iron oxide. | |||||
| Isentress for oral suspension: | |||||
| Active ingredient: Isentress | |||||
| Inactive ingredients: ammonium hydroxide, banana with other natural flavors, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, crospovidone, ethylcellulose 20 cP, fructose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose 2910/6cP, macrogol/PEG 400, magnesium stearate, maltodextrin, mannitol, medium chain triglycerides, microcrystalline cellulose, monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, oleic acid, sorbitol, sucralose and sucrose. | |||||
| Distributed by: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA | |||||
| For patent information: www.merck.com/product/patent/home.html | |||||
| Copyright © 2007-2017 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. All rights reserved. | |||||
| usppi-mk0518-mf-1705r027 | |||||
Instructions for Use
Isentress® (eye sen tris)
(raltegravir)
for oral suspension
Read this Instructions for Use before you mix and give a dose of Isentress for oral suspension to your child for the first time, and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. These instructions will help you to correctly mix and give a dose of Isentress for oral suspension to your child.
Your doctor will decide the right dose based on your child's weight.
Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions about how to mix or give Isentress for oral suspension to your child.
Each Isentress for oral suspension kit contains the following supplies :
|
| |
| For each dose of Isentress for oral suspension you will need the following: |
|
| How do I prepare a dose of Isentress for oral suspension? |
| Step 1. Fill mixing cup about half-way with drinking water. |
| |
| Step 2. Fill the dosing syringe. Start with the plunger pushed all the way inside the barrel of the syringe. Insert the tip of the syringe into the water and pull back on the plunger to the 5 mL marking on the barrel of the syringe. |
| |
| Step 3. Pour out remaining water from mixing cup. |
| |
| Step 4. Add the 5 mL of water from the dosing syringe back into the mixing cup by pressing down on the plunger. |
| |
| Step 5. Open 1 foil packet. There is a notch that you can use to tear open the foil packet, or you may use scissors to cut along the dotted line. Pour entire contents into mixing cup. |
| |
| Step 6. Close the attached lid to seal the mixing cup. It will snap shut. |
| |
| Step 7. Swirl the mixing cup to mix using a gentle circular motion for 30-60 seconds. Do not turn the mixing cup upside down. The liquid will be cloudy. |
| |
| Step 8. Open the mixing cup. Put the tip of the syringe into the liquid and pull back the plunger to the mL marking that matches your child's prescribed dose. Your child's dose may be different from the one shown in the figure. |
| |
| How should I give a dose of Isentress for oral suspension? |
| Step 9. Place the tip of the dosing syringe in your child's mouth and turn it toward either cheek. Gently push down on the plunger to give the medicine. Give the dose of Isentress oral suspension to your child within 30 minutes of mixing. If you are not able to give your child's dose within 30 minutes of mixing, pour the unused medicine into the trash. You will need to mix a new dose. |
| |
| How should I dispose of leftover Isentress for oral suspension? |
| Step 10. Pour any leftover medicine from the mixing cup into the trash. |
| |
| Step 11. Remove plunger from the barrel of the dosing syringe. Hand wash the dosing syringe and mixing cup with warm water and dish soap. Rinse with water and air dry. |
| |
How should I store Isentress for oral suspension?
- Store Isentress for oral suspension at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Store in the original container. Do not open the foil packets until ready for use.
Keep Isentress for oral suspension and all medicines out of the reach of children.
For more information go to www. ISENTRESS.com or call 1-800-622-4477.
This Instructions for Use has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Figure A Figure B Figure C Figure D Figure E Figure F Figure G Figure H Figure I Figure J Figure K Figure L
Distributed by:
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.
Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA
Issued December 2013
For patent information: www.merck.com/product/patent/home.html
Copyright © 2013 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.
All rights reserved.
ifu-mk0518-mf-1312r000
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 400 mg Bottle Label
NDC 0006-0227-61
Isentress®
(raltegravir) tablets
400 mg
Each tablet contains 434.4 mg Isentress
potassium, equivalent to 400 mg Isentress.
USUAL
Dosage: See Package Insert.
Rx only
60 Tablets
NDC 0006-3080-01
Isentress ® HD
(raltegravir) tablets
600 mg
RECOMMENDED
Dosage: Two tablets once daily.
Each tablet contains 651.6 mg Isentress
potassium, equivalent to
600 mg Isentress.
Rx only
60 Tablets
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 100 mg Bottle Label
NDC 0006-0477-61
Isentress ®
(raltegravir) CHEWABLE Tablets
100 mg
For Pediatric Patients 2 to less than 12 Years of Age
Phenylketonurics: contains phenylalanine (a component
of aspartame) 0.10 mg per 100 mg chewable tablet.
Rx only
60 Tablets
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 25 mg Bottle Label
NDC 0006-0473-61
Isentress ®
(raltegravir) CHEWABLE Tablets
25 mg
For Pediatric Patients 2 to less than 12 Years of Age
Phenylketonurics: contains phenylalanine (a component
of aspartame) 0.05 mg per 25 mg chewable tablet.
Rx only
60 Tablets
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 100 mg Packet Carton
NDC 0006-3603-60
Isentress ®
(raltegravir)
For Oral Suspension
100 mg
For Pediatric Use
Each packet contains 108.6 mg Isentress potassium, equivalent to 100 mg Isentress.
Inactive ingredients: hydroxypropyl cellulose, sucralose, mannitol, monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, sorbitol, fructose, natural flavors, maltodextrin, sucrose,
crospovidone, magnesium stearate, ethylcellulose 20 cP, ammonium hydroxide, medium chain triglycerides, oleic acid, hypromellose 2910/6cP, macrogol/PEG 400,
and Avicel CL-611 (microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose sodium).
Rx only
60 packets
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 100 mg Packet Carton
Isentress pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:
Isentress available forms, composition, doses:
Isentress destination | category:
Isentress Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:
Isentress pharmaceutical companies:
References
- "Raltegravir". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).
- "Raltegravir". http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB0681... (accessed August 28, 2018).
- "22VKV8053U: The UNique Ingredient Identifier (UNII) is an alphanumeric substance identifier from the joint FDA/USP Substance Registration System (SRS).". https://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/Dat... (accessed August 28, 2018).
Frequently asked Questions
Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Isentress?Depending on the reaction of the Isentress after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Isentress not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.
Is Isentress addictive or habit forming?Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.
Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.
Review
sdrugs.com conducted a study on Isentress, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Isentress consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.Visitor reports
Visitor reported useful
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reported side effects
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reported price estimates
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reported frequency of use
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reported doses
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reported time for results
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reported administration
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reported age
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reviews
There are no reviews yet. Be the first to write one! |
The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology