Rinosular

Diphenhydramine:

• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacokinetics
• Why is Rinosular Xepa-Soul Pattinson prescribed?
• Dosage and administration
• Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) Xepa-Soul Pattinson side effects, adverse reactions
• Rinosular Xepa-Soul Pattinson contraindications
• Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special instructions
• Precautionary measures
• Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) Xepa-Soul Pattinson drug interactions
• Rinosular Xepa-Soul Pattinson in case of emergency / overdose
• Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) reviews

Pharmacological action

Rinosular Xepa-Soul Pattinson is a blocker of histamine H1-receptors. It has antiallergic activity, has a local anesthetic, antispasmodic and mild ganglion blocking action.

When Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) Xepa-Soul Pattinson administered orally Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) has a sedative and hypnotic effects, has a moderate antiemetic effect and has a central holinoliticheskoy activity.

When applied externally it has antiallergic effect.

Pharmacokinetics

Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) Xepa-Soul Pattinson is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is 50%. C_max is achieved after 20-40 min (in the greatest concentration is determined in the lungs, spleen, kidneys, liver, brain and muscles). Binding to plasma proteins - 98-99%. Penetrates through the BBB. Metabolised mainly in the liver, partly - in the lungs and kidneys. T1/2 is 4-10 hours. Within one day completely removed kidneys as metabolites conjugated to glucuronic acid. Significant quantities are derived from milk and can cause sedation in infants (may be a paradoxical reaction characterized by hyperexcitability).

Why is Rinosular Xepa-Soul Pattinson prescribed?

Allergic reactions (urticaria, hay fever, angioedema), allergic conjunctivitis, vasomotor rhinitis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, serum sickness, itchy dermatitis, sleep disorders (monotherapy or in combination with drugs), chorea, sea and air sickness, vomiting in pregnancy, Meniere's syndrome, premedication.

Dosage and administration

Oral, IV, IM, rectal, topical, intranasal, in the conjunctival sac. Oral dose of Rinosular Xepa-Soul Pattinson for adults is 30-50 mg 1-3 times / day. The treatment course is 10-15 days. As soporific - 50 mg at bedtime. IM in doses of 50-250 mg; IV in drip - 20-50 mg. When oral administered single dose for children under 1 year - 2-5 mg; from 2 to 5 years - 5-15 mg; of 6 to 12 years - 15-30 mg. Externally applied 1-2 times / day.

Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) Xepa-Soul Pattinson side effects, adverse reactions

Possible: a short-term numbness in the oral mucosa, drowsiness, weakness, decrease in psychomotor speed of reaction in children may be a paradoxical development of insomnia, irritability, and euphoria.

Rarely: dizziness, headache, dry mouth, nausea, photosensitivity, paresis of accommodation, poor coordination of movements, tremor.

Rinosular Xepa-Soul Pattinson contraindications

Closure glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, stenosing peptic ulcer, stenosis of the bladder neck, bronchial asthma, epilepsy, hypersensitivity to Rinosular (Diphenhydramine).

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

During pregnancy and lactation, Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) used with caution, according to strict indications, when the expected therapeutic effect for the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus or infant.

Special instructions

With careful use Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) during pregnancy and lactation.

During the period of treatment with Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) Xepa-Soul Pattinson should not be exposed to solar radiation should be avoided alcohol.

Used with caution in patients involved in potentially dangerous activities requiring attention and rapid psychomotor reactions.

Precautionary measures

Rinosular Xepa-Soul Pattinson is not recommended for SC injection. Since Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) has atropinopodobnym action should be cautious in its use: patients with recent respiratory infection in history (including asthma), increased intraocular pressure in hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular system, hypotension. Antihistamines drugs can reduce mental alertness as well as in adults and children and also cause agitation and hallucinations, convulsions and death in infants and children, especially in overdose. Precautions apply at age 60 and older because more likely to develop dizziness, sedation and hypotension. During treatment with Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) should avoid sun exposure. Should not be used during the drivers of vehicles and people, trade is connected with increased concentration. In the period of treatment should avoid drinking alcoholic beverages.

Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) Xepa-Soul Pattinson drug interactions

When Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) Xepa-Soul Pattinson applied simultaneously increases the effects of ethanol and drugs that depress the central nervous system.

With simultaneous use of Rinosular (Diphenhydramine) Xepa-Soul Pattinson and MAO inhibitors increase the anticholinergic activity of Rinosular (Diphenhydramine).

The antagonistic interaction observed with a joint appointment with psychostimulants.

Reduces the effectiveness of apomorphine as an emetic in the treatment of poisoning. Intensifies anticholinergic effects of drugs with anticholinergic activity.

Rinosular Xepa-Soul Pattinson in case of emergency / overdose

Symptoms: dry mouth, difficulty breathing, persistent mydriasis, flushing, depression or excitement (more common in children), CNS confusion; children - the development of convulsions and death.

Treatment: induction of vomiting, gastric lavage, the prescription of activated charcoal, symptomatic and supportive therapy on a background of careful monitoring of respiration and blood pressure levels.

Naphazoline Hydrochloride:

• Rinosular (Naphazoline Hydrochloride) reviews

Rinosular (Naphazoline Hydrochloride) OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION USP, 0.1%

Naphazoline HCl, an ocular vasoconstrictor, is an imidazoline derivative sympathomimetic amine. The active ingredient is represented by the structural formula:

Chemical Name:2-(1-naphthylmethyl)-2-imidazoline monohydrochlorideVASOCON REGULAR ophthalmic solution is a sterile solution containing 1 mg/mL Rinosular (Naphazoline Hydrochloride) in an isotonic solution containing polyethylene glycol 8000, sodium chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, edetate disodium and purified water; preserved with benzalkonium chloride. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide added to adjust pH. It has a pH of 5.5 to 7.0.CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Naphazoline constricts the vascular system of the conjunctiva. It is presumed that this effect is due to direct stimulation action of the drug upon the alpha adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the conjunctiva resulting in decreased conjunctival congestion. Naphalozine belongs to the imidazoline class of sympathomimetics.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Rinosular (Naphazoline Hydrochloride) REGULAR is indicated for use as a topical ocular vasoconstrictor.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Contraindicated in the presence of an anatomically narrow angle or in narrow angle glaucoma or in persons who have shown hypersensitivity to any component of this preparation.

WARNINGS

Patients under therapy with MAO inhibitors may experience a severe hypertensive crisis if given a sympathomimetic drug. Use in children, especially infants, may result in CNS depression leading to coma and marked reduction in body temperature.

PRECAUTIONSGeneral

Use with caution in the presence of hypertension, cardiovascular abnormalities, hyperglycemia (diabetes), hyperthyroidism, ocular infection or injury and when other medications are being used.

Patient Information

Patients should be advised to discontinue the drug and consult a physician if relief is not obtained within 48 hours of therapy, if irritation, blurring, or redness persists or increases, or if symptoms of systemic absorption occur, i.e., dizziness, headache, nausea, decrease in body temperature, or drowsiness.

To prevent contaminating the dropper tip and solution, do not touch the eyelids or the surrounding area with the dropper tip of the bottle. If solution changes color or becomes cloudy, do not use.Drug Interactions

Concurrent use of maprotiline or tricyclic antidepressants and naphazoline may potentiate the pressor effect of naphazoline. Patients under therapy with MAO inhibitors may experience a severe hypertensive crisis if given a sympathomimetic drug..

Pregnancy Category C

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with naphazoline. It is also not known whether naphazoline can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Naphazoline should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Nursing Mothers

If is not known whether naphazoline is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when naphazoline is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in children have not been established. See “WARNINGS” and “CONTRAINDICATIONS”.

ADVERSE REACTIONSOcular

Mydriasis, increased redness, irritation, discomfort, blurring, punctate keratitis, lacrimation, increased intraocular pressure.

Systemic

Dizziness, headache, nausea, sweating, nervousness drowsiness, weakness, hypertension, cardiac irregularities, and hyperglycemia.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Instill one or two drops in the conjunctival sac(s) every three to four hours as needed.

HOW SUPPLIED

Rinosular (Naphazoline Hydrochloride) REGULAR (naphazoline hydrochloride ophthalmic solution USP, 0.1%): 15 mL plastic squeeze bottle with dropper tip. NDC 58768-844-15 To be dispensed only in original, unopened container. Store at controlled room temperature 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).

CAUTION: Federal law prohibits dispensing without prescription. Mfd. by OMJ Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,San Germán, P.R., 00683 for:CIBA VisionOphthalmics^®___________________Atlanta, Georgia 301556072-A

Prednisolone Phosphate:

• Description
• Clinical pharmacology
• Indications and usage
• Contraindications
• Warnings
• Precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Overdosage
• Dosage and administration
• How supplied
• Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) reviews

DESCRIPTION

Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) ^® (prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension, USP) 1% is a sterile, topical anti-inflammatory agent for ophthalmic use. Its chemical name is 11ß,17, 21-Trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3, 20-dione 21-acetate and it has the following structure:

Structural Formula:

Each mL of Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) ^® contains:

Active: Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) acetate (microfine suspension) 1%

Inactives: benzalkonium chloride as preservative; boric acid; edetate disodium; hypromellose; polysorbate 80; purified water; sodium bisulfite; sodium chloride; and sodium citrate.

The pH during its shelf life ranges from 5.0 - 6.0.

Structural Formula

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) acetate is a glucocorticoid that, on the basis of weight, has 3 to 5 times the anti-inflammatory potency of hydrocortisone. Glucocorticoids inhibit the edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, and phagocytic migration of the acute inflammatory response, as well as capillary proliferation, deposition of collagen, and scar formation.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) ^® is indicated for the treatment of steroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) ^® suspension is contraindicated in acute untreated purulent ocular infections, in most viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva including epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), vaccinia, and varicella, and also in mycobacterial infection of the eye and fungal diseases of ocular structures.

Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) ^® suspension is also contraindicated in individuals with known or suspected hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of this preparation and to other corticosteroids.

WARNINGS

Prolonged use of corticosteroids may result in posterior subcapsular cataract formation and may increase intraocular pressure in susceptible individuals, resulting in glaucoma with damage to the optic nerve, defects in visual acuity and fields of vision. Prolonged use may also suppress the host immune response and thus increase the hazard of secondary ocular infections.

If this product is used for 10 days or longer, intraocular pressure should be routinely monitored even though it may be difficult in children and uncooperative patients. Steroids should be used with caution in the presence of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure should be checked frequently.

Various ocular diseases and long-term use of topical corticosteroids have been known to cause corneal and scleral thinning. Use of topical corticosteroids in the presence of thin corneal or scleral tissue may lead to perforation.

Acute purulent infections of the eye may be masked or activity enhanced by the presence of corticosteroid medication.

The use of steroids after cataract surgery may delay healing and increase the incidence of bleb formation.

Use of ocular steroids may prolong the course and may exacerbate the severity of many viral infections of the eye (including herpes simplex). Employment of a corticosteroid medication in the treatment of patients with a history of herpes simplex requires great caution; frequent slit lamp microscopy is recommended.

Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) ^® suspension contains sodium bisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions, including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in non-asthmatic people.

PRECAUTIONS

General

The initial prescription and renewal of the medication order beyond 20 milliliters of Rinosular ^® suspension should be made by a physician only after examination of the patient with the aid of magnification, such as slit lamp biomicroscopy, and, where appropriate, fluorescein staining. If signs and symptoms fail to improve after 2 days, the patient should be re-evaluated.

As fungal infections of the cornea are particularly prone to develop coincidentally with long-term local corticosteroid applications, fungal invasion should be suspected in any persistent corneal ulceration where a corticosteroid has been used or is in use. Fungal cultures should be taken when appropriate.

Information for Patients

Advise patients that if eye inflammation or pain persists longer than 48 hours or becomes aggravated, they should consult a physician.

Advise patients that to prevent eye injury or contamination, care should be taken to avoid touching the bottle tip to eyelids or to any other surface. The use of this bottle by more than one person may spread infection. Keep bottle tightly closed when not in use. Keep out of the reach of children.

Advise patients that Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) ^® suspension contains benzalkonium chloride, which may be absorbed by soft contact lenses. Contact lenses should be removed prior to application of Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) ^® and may be reinserted 15 minutes following its administration.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

No studies have been conducted in animals or in humans to evaluate the potential of these effects.

Pregnancy

Rinosular has been shown to be teratogenic in mice when given in doses 1-10 times the human dose. Dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, and Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) were ocularly applied to both eyes of pregnant mice five times per day on days 10 through 13 of gestation. A significant increase in the incidence of cleft palate was observed in the fetuses of the treated mice. There are no adequate well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether topical ophthalmic administration of corticosteroids could result in sufficient systemic absorption to produce detectable quantities in breast milk. Systemically administered corticosteroids appear in human milk and could suppress growth, interfere with endogenous corticosteroid production, or cause other untoward effects. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate), a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have been established. Use in pediatric patients is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of Rinosular acetate ophthalmic suspension in adults with additional data in pediatric patients.

Geriatric Use

No overall differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following adverse reactions have been identified during use of Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) ^® . Because reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Adverse reactions include elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) with possible development of glaucoma and infrequent optic nerve damage, posterior subcapsular cataract formation, and delayed wound healing.

The development of secondary ocular infection (bacterial, fungal, and viral) has occurred. Fungal and viral infections of the cornea are particularly prone to develop coincidentally with long-term applications of steroids. The possibility of fungal invasion should be considered in any persistent corneal ulceration where steroid treatment has been used.

Other adverse reactions reported with the use of Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) acetate ophthalmic suspension include: allergic reactions; dysgeusia; foreign body sensation; headache; pruritus; rash; transient burning and stinging upon instillation and other minor symptoms of ocular irritation; urticaria; and visual disturbance (blurry vision).

Keratitis, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, mydriasis, conjunctival hyperemia, loss of accommodation and ptosis have occasionally been reported following local use of corticosteroids. Corticosteroid-containing preparations have also been reported to cause acute anterior uveitis and perforation of the globe.

OVERDOSAGE

Overdosage will not ordinarily cause acute problems. If accidentally ingested, drink fluids to dilute.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Shake well before using. Instill one to two drops into the conjunctival sac two to four times daily. During the initial 24 to 48 hours, the dosing frequency may be increased if necessary. Care should be taken not to discontinue therapy prematurely.

If signs and symptoms fail to improve after 2 days, the patient should be re-evaluated.

HOW SUPPLIED

Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) ^® (prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension, USP) 1% is supplied sterile in opaque white LDPE plastic bottles with droppers with white high impact polystyrene (HIPS) caps as follows:

Storage: Store at up to 25°C (77°F). Protect from freezing. Store in an upright position.

Revised: 05/2017

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Rinosular (Prednisolone Phosphate) ^®

(prednisolone

acetate

ophthalmic

suspension,

USP) 1%

sterile

10 mL

Carton

Sulfanilamide Sodium Mesylate:

• Rinosular (Sulfanilamide Sodium Mesylate) reviews

Indication: For the treatment of vulvovaginitis caused by Candida albicans.

Rinosular (Sulfanilamide Sodium Mesylate) is a sulfonamide antibiotic. The sulfonamides are synthetic bacteriostatic antibiotics with a wide spectrum against most gram-positive and many gram-negative organisms. However, many strains of an individual species may be resistant. Sulfonamides inhibit multiplication of bacteria by acting as competitive inhibitors of p-aminobenzoic acid in the folic acid metabolism cycle. Bacterial sensitivity is the same for the various sulfonamides, and resistance to one sulfonamide indicates resistance to all. Most sulfonamides are readily absorbed orally. However, parenteral administration is difficult, since the soluble sulfonamide salts are highly alkaline and irritating to the tissues. The sulfonamides are widely distributed throughout all tissues. High levels are achieved in pleural, peritoneal, synovial, and ocular fluids. Although these drugs are no longer used to treat meningitis, CSF levels are high in meningeal infections. Their antibacterial action is inhibited by pus.