Vivocycline

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Vivocycline uses


Pharmacological action

Vivocycline is an semisynthetic tetracycline group's antibiotic of broad-spectrum. This medication has bacteriostatic action due to suppression of protein synthesis of pathogens. It active against aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), Bacillus anthracis, Listeria monocytogenes; anaerobic bacteria: Clostridium spp.

Vivocycline is also active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Bordetella pertussis, as well as against Rickettsia spp., Treponema spp., Mycoplasma spp. and Chlamydia spp.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Serratia spp., most strains of Bacteroides fragilis are resistant to Vivocycline.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration Vivocycline is quickly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Ingestion has very little effect on the absorption of Vivocycline. This medication is widely distributed in tissues and body fluids. Plasma protein binding is 80-95%. T1/2 is 12-22 h. Vivocycline excreted in the urine as unchanged (40%) but the main part of the dose excreted unchanged in the feces through bile secretion.

Why is Vivocycline prescribed?

Infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to Vivocycline including infections of the respiratory and ENT organs; gastrointestinal tract infections; purulent infections of skin and soft tissues ; infection of the genitourinary system (including gonorrhea, primary and secondary syphilis); typhus, brucellosis, rickettsiosis, osteomyelitis, trachoma, chlamydia.

Dosage and administration

Vivocycline is indicated for adults orally or IV (infusions) in 200 mg / day dosess on the first day of treatment, in the coming days at 100-200 mg / day. Multiplicity of admission (or IV infusion) is 1-2 times / day. For children older than 8 years of age and weighing over 50 kg the daily Vivocycline dose for oral administration or IV (infusion) in the first day of treatment is 4 mg / kg. In next days ir is 2-4 mg / kg depending on the severity of the clinical course of disease. Multiplicity of admission (or intravenous infusion) is 1-2 times / day. The recommended minimum time for IV infusion 100 mg of Vivocycline (a concentration of infusion solution is 0.5 mg / ml) is 1 hour.

Maximum doses: for adults for oral administration is 300 mg / day or 600 mg / day (depending on the etiology of the agent); for iv injection it is 300 mg / day.

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Vivocycline side effects, adverse reactions

Digestive system: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, dysphagia, glossitis, esophagitis, transient increase in the blood of hepatic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin.

Hematopoietic system: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia.

Allergic reactions: skin rash, itching, eosinophilia, rarely - angioedema, photosensitivity.

Other: increased residual nitrogen, candidiasis, intestinal dysbiosis, discoloration of teeth in children.

Vivocycline contraindications

Pregnancy, children age up to 8 years, hypersensitivity to tetracyclines, porphyria, severe liver insufficiency, leukopenia, lactation period, myasthenia (for IV administration).

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Vivocycline is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation. Vivocycline crosses the placental barrier. This medication may cause long-term discoloration of the teeth, enamel hypoplasia, inhibition of growth of bones of the fetus and also the development of fatty liver.

If necessary using during lactation patients should stop breastfeeding.

Special instructions

With careful use of Vivocycline with impaired liver function. If a patient has renal impairment the dose adjustment is not required.

To prevent local irritating action Vivocycline should be taken during the day with plenty of fluids, food or milk. Due to possible development of photosensitivity it is necessary the restriction of insolation during treatment and for 4-5 days thereafter.

Vivocycline is not used in children younger than 8 years because tetracyclines (including Vivocycline) are causing long-term discoloration of the teeth, enamel hypoplasia and retardation of longitudinal growth of bones in these patients.

Vivocycline solution for IV administration should be used no later than 72 hours after its preparation.

Vivocycline drug interactions

Medications containing metal ions (antacids, products containing iron, magnesium, calcium) form inactive chelates with Vivocycline, in connection with what it is necessary to avoid their simultaneous use.

It needed to avoid combination with penicillins, cephalosporins, bactericidal action and is an antagonist of bacteriostatic antibiotics (including Vivocycline).

Absorption of Vivocycline is reduced by cholestyramine and colestipol (observe the interval between the reception of at least 3 h).

Due to suppression of intestinal microflora Vivocycline reduces prothrombin index which requires dose adjustment of indirect anticoagulants.

Vivocycline reduces the reliability of contraception and increases the frequency of breakthrough bleeding while taking estrogen-containing oral contraceptives.

Simultaneous administration of Vivocycline with:

  • barbiturates, carbamazepine, phenytoin concentrations of Vivocycline in plasma decreases due to the induction of liver enzymes, which may be responsible for the decrease of its antibacterial action.
  • retinol improves intracranial pressure.

    Vivocycline in case of emergency / overdose

    Treatment: discontinuation, symptomatic and supportive therapy. Hemodialysis is ineffective.

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    Vivocycline pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

    Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


    Vivocycline available forms, composition, doses:

    Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
    Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
    Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


    Vivocycline destination | category:

    Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
    Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


    Vivocycline Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

    A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


    Vivocycline pharmaceutical companies:

    Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
    Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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    References

    1. Dailymed."ORACEA (DOXYCYCLINE) CAPSULE [GALDERMA LABORATORIES, L.P.]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
    2. Dailymed."DOXYCYCLINE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
    3. "doxycycline". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).

    Frequently asked Questions

    Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Vivocycline?

    Depending on the reaction of the Vivocycline after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Vivocycline not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

    Is Vivocycline addictive or habit forming?

    Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

    Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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    Review

    sdrugs.com conducted a study on Vivocycline, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Vivocycline consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

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    The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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